英语讲义【51】合成形容词
<p> 和其他合成词一样，合成形容词（<span word="compound">compound</span> <span word="adjectives">adjectives</span>）也是由两个或两个以上的字合组而成的。由于现代英语结构尽量从繁入简，合成词，特别是合成形容词的运用，就越来越普遍，报章杂志更是如此。</p><p> 合成形容词的构成方法，主要有下列 6 种：</p><p> ①名词+形容词，如：</p><p> <span word="oil">oil</span>-<span word="rich">rich</span>, <span word="duty">duty</span>-<span word="free">free</span>, <span word="praiseworthy">praiseworthy</span>, <span word="life">life</span>-<span word="long">long</span>, <span word="carefree">carefree</span>, <span word="worldwide">worldwide</span>, <span word="skin">skin</span>-<span word="deep">deep</span>, <span word="sea">sea</span>-<span word="sick">sick</span>, <span word="cock">cock</span>-<span word="sure">sure</span>, <span word="word">word</span>-<span word="perfect">perfect</span> 等。</p><p> ②形容词+形容词，如：</p><p> <span word="bitter">bitter</span>-<span word="sweet">sweet</span>, <span word="red">red</span>-<span word="hot">hot</span>, <span word="Afro">Afro</span>-<span word="Asian">Asian</span>, <span word="socio">socio</span>-<span word="political">political</span>, <span word="dead">dead</span>-<span word="alive">alive</span>, <span word="blue">blue</span>-<span word="black">black</span> 等。</p><p> ③名词+现在分词，如：</p><p> <span word="peace">peace</span>-<span word="loving">loving</span>, <span word="labour">labour</span>-<span word="saving">saving</span>, <span word="law">law</span>-<span word="abiding">abiding</span>, <span word="time">time</span>-<span word="consuming">consuming</span>, <span word="painstaking">painstaking</span>, <span word="trouble">trouble</span>-<span word="shooting">shooting</span> 等。</p><p> ④名词+过去分词，如：</p><p> <span word="examination">examination</span>-<span word="oriented">oriented</span>, <span word="man">man</span>-<span word="made">made</span>, <span word="poverty">poverty</span>-<span word="stricken">stricken</span>, <span word="bed">bed</span>-<span word="ridden">ridden</span>, <span word="wind">wind</span>-<span word="blown">blown</span>, <span word="weather">weather</span>-<span word="beaten">beaten</span>, <span word="heart">heart</span>-<span word="broken">broken</span> 等。</p><p> ⑤形容词+现在分词，如：</p><p> <span word="good">good</span>-<span word="looking">looking</span>, <span word="easy">easy</span>-<span word="going">going</span>, <span word="eager">eager</span>-<span word="seeming">seeming</span>, <span word="direct">direct</span>-<span word="acting">acting</span> 等。</p><p> ⑥形容词+过去分词，如：</p><p> <span word="kind">kind</span>-<span word="hearted">hearted</span>, <span word="narrow">narrow</span>-<span word="minded">minded</span>, <span word="single">single</span>-<span word="handed">handed</span>, <span word="new">new</span>-<span word="born">born</span>, <span word="soft">soft</span>-<span word="spoken">spoken</span>, <span word="strong">strong</span>-<span word="headed">headed</span>, <span word="many">many</span>-<span word="sided">sided</span> 等。</p><p> 在这六类合成形容词中，①、③和④的生产率最高。</p><p> 此外，合成形容词还可以从其他词类或结构转化而来，气象万千，韵味十足：</p>
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