英语讲义【54】具副词功能的过去分词短语
<p> 和现在分词及短语一样，过去分词（<span word="past">past</span> <span word="participles">participles</span>）或过去分词短语（<span word="past">past</span> <span word="participial">participial</span> <span word="phrases">phrases</span>）也可以充当副词，修饰谓语动词。</p><p> 过去分词短语可以表达下列四种意思：</p><p> ㈠方法或活动方式，如：</p><p> ● <span word="He">He</span> <span word="walked">walked</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="down">down</span>, <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="thought">thought</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="I">I</span> <span word="sat">sat</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="mid">mid</span>-<span word="night">night</span>, <span word="absorbed">absorbed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="writing">writing</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="Surrounded">Surrounded</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="host">host</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fans">fans</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="star">star</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="airport">airport</span> <span word="excitedly">excitedly</span>.</p><p> ㈡原因，如：</p><p> ● <span word="Greatly">Greatly</span> <span word="disappointed">disappointed</span>, <span word="some">some</span> <span word="staff">staff</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="place">place</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="Taken">Taken</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="surprise">surprise</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="enemy">enemy</span> <span word="surrendered">surrendered</span>.</p><p> ㈢时间，如：</p><p> ● <span word="Born">Born</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="bred">bred</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="turbulent">turbulent</span> <span word="age">age</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="generation">generation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="experienced">experienced</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="sorts">sorts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="hardships">hardships</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="Thrown">Thrown</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="floor">floor</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="regained">regained</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="footing">footing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="minutes">minutes</span> <span word="later">later</span>.</p><p> ㈣条件，如：</p><p> ● <span word="Given">Given</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="slow">slow</span> <span word="learners">learners</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="better">better</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="Criticised">Criticised</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="someone">someone</span> <span word="else">else</span>, <span word="Tony">Tony</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="flared">flared</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="that">that</span>.</p><p> 除了直接修饰动词之外，过去分词或短语也可以和连词合组成短语，表示下列四种意思：</p><p> ⒈由 <span word="when">when</span>, <span word="whenever">whenever</span>, <span word="while">while</span>, <span word="until">until</span> 等连词引导，表示 时间，如：</p><p> ● <span word="When">When</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="previous">previous</span> <span word="job">job</span>, <span word="Bill">Bill</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="motor">motor</span> <span word="mechanic">mechanic</span>.</p>
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