英语讲义【22】被动语态的动词
<p> 主动语态比被动语态直接而有力，多用主动语态，可以使文章充满朝气，呈现活力。在下列两组句子中， （<span word="b">b</span>）比（<span word="a">a</span>）有力：</p><p> （1） <span word="a">a</span>.<span word="My">My</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="visit">visit</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="Zealand">Zealand</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="remembered">remembered</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="me">me</span>.</p><p> <span word="b">b</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="remember">remember</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="visit">visit</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="Zealand">Zealand</span>.</p><p> （2） <span word="a">a</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="crowing">crowing</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cocks">cocks</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="dawn">dawn</span>.</p><p> <span word="b">b</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="cocks">cocks</span> <span word="crow">crow</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="dawn">dawn</span>.</p><p> 虽然如此，在某些情况下，非用被动语态不可。前此已提过这事，这里不再重述。这里只有指出其中一点，就是有些动词，如 <span word="base">base</span>, <span word="schedule">schedule</span>, <span word="expect">expect</span>, <span word="suppose">suppose</span> 等，通常以被动语态形式出现。</p><p> 例如：</p><p> （1）<span word="This">This</span> <span word="survey">survey</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="facts">facts</span>.</p><p> （2）<span word="The">The</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="train">train</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="scheduled">scheduled</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="at">at</span> 9<span word="pm">pm</span>.</p><p> （3）<span word="You">You</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="time">time</span>.</p><p> （4）<span word="All">All</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="supposed">supposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>.</p><p> 除了上述这些动词之外，还有十种，几乎都以被动式出现。</p><p> （一）有关疾病的动词，如：</p><p> （1）<span word="Helens">Helens</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="lung">lung</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="infected">infected</span>.</p><p> （2）<span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="confined">confined</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="illness">illness</span>.</p><p> （3）<span word="The">The</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="seized">seized</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="sudden">sudden</span> <span word="chest">chest</span> <span word="pains">pains</span>.</p><p> （二）有关疲乏的动词，如：</p><p> （4） <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="completely">completely</span> <span word="exhausted">exhausted</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="game">game</span>.</p>
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