英语讲义【26】beside 和besides 通用吗？
<p> <span word="S">S</span>是个简单的英文字母，可以加在可数复数名词后面，也可以用在简单现在时态动词的后面，以表示主语是单数第三人称。例如：</p><p> ① <span word="He">He</span> <span word="walks">walks</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>.</p><p> ② <span word="Mary">Mary</span> <span word="gets">gets</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>.</p><p> ③ <span word="That">That</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="talks">talks</span> <span word="loudly">loudly</span>.</p><p> 除了把单数名词变成复数名词以及表示单数第三人称之外，<span word="s">s</span> 还出现在某些单字上，使它和没有<span word="s">s</span>的字呈现出两个不同语义：<span word="beside">beside</span>和<span word="besides">besides</span>便是个好例子。</p><p> <span word="Beside">Beside</span>是在旁边的意思：<span word="besides">besides</span>是除此之外的意思。两者都是介词，但后者也是个副词。有些人把这两个字等同起来，互相对换，这是大错特错的；因此，④和⑤不对，要改为 ⑥和⑦。</p><p> ④ <span word="Susan">Susan</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="sitting">sitting</span> <span word="besides">besides</span> <span word="me">me</span>.</p><p> ⑤ <span word="Beside">Beside</span> <span word="dancing">dancing</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="sang">sang</span>.</p><p> ⑥ <span word="Susan">Susan</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="sitting">sitting</span> <span word="beside">beside</span> <span word="me">me</span>.</p><p> ⑦ <span word="Besides">Besides</span> <span word="dancing">dancing</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="sang">sang</span>.</p><p> 一般上说，<span word="beside">beside</span>在句子后半部出现，如：</p><p> ⑧ <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="beside">beside</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sea">sea</span>.</p><p> ⑨ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="standing">standing</span> <span word="beside">beside</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="mother">mother</span>.</p><p> <span word="Besides">Besides</span>的位置不一；可以在句前，也可在句尾，如：</p><p> ⑩ <span word="Besides">Besides</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="diligent">diligent</span> <span word="student">student</span>, <span word="Peter">Peter</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="athlete">athlete</span>.</p><p> 11. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="besides">besides</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="one">one</span>.</p>
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