英语讲义【25】在句尾出现的介词
<p> 我们常常听人家说：不要把介词（<span word="prepositions">prepositions</span>）放在句尾，以免削弱句子的气势。</p><p> 实际上，英语的介词是可以在句尾出现的；有时还是非在句尾不可。请看这句：</p><p> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="aid">aid</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="depends">depends</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="for">for</span> .</p><p> 这句话的介词<span word="for">for</span>在句尾出现。如果把<span word="for">for</span>移到宾语之前，就不合句法了：</p><p> *<span word="But">But</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="depends">depends</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="is">is</span>.</p><p> 这么看来，英语介词是可以放在句尾的。既然如此，在什么情况下，英语介词才可以放在句尾呢？</p><p> 常见的情况有下面 4 种：</p><p> ㈠当疑问代词或疑问副词作为介词的宾语时，理论上要在介词后面出现，但在实际用法上，它被转移到疑问句前头，介词则留在句尾。例如：</p><p> ① <span word="What">What</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="dreaming">dreaming</span> <span word="of">of</span>?</p><p> ② <span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="from">from</span>?</p><p> ①不能改为<span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="dreaming">dreaming</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="what">what</span>?也不能是<span word="Of">Of</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="dreaming">dreaming</span>?②不是<span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="where">where</span>?，更不是 <span word="From">From</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="you">you</span>?</p><p> ㈡介词不能移到限定性形容词分句中的关系代词（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="relative">relative</span> <span word="pronoun">pronoun</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="restricted">restricted</span> <span word="adjective">adjective</span> <span word="clause">clause</span>）之前；因此，我们可以③表示心意，但不能用④这样的句子：</p><p> ③ <span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="for">for</span>?</p>
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