［分词］分词作定语
<p> 不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在进行，过去分词强调完成；及物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动，过去分词强调被动。分词的完成式一般不作定语。分词作其他成分时，也是如此。分词作定语，单个的分词作定语一般前置；分词词组，个别分词如<span word="given">given</span>， <span word="left">left</span>等，修饰不定代词等的分词，作定语需后置。例如：</p><p> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rising">rising</span> <span word="sun">sun</span>. 我们可以看到东升的旭日</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="retired">retired</span> <span word="worker">worker</span>. 他是位退休的工人</p><p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="sitting">sitting</span> <span word="there">there</span>. 有个女孩坐在那里</p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="given">given</span>. 这是所给的问题</p><p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span>. 没有有趣的东西</p><p> 分词作定语相当于定语从句，如<span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="invited">invited</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="party">party</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span>. = <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="wereinvited">wereinvited</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="party">party</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span>.</p><p> 典型例题</p><p> 1） <span word="The">The</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="textbook">textbook</span> ___ <span word="for">for</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 16<span word="th">th</span> <span word="century">century</span>.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="have">have</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="being">being</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="written">written</span></p><p> 答案<span word="D">D</span>. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 <span word="which">which</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="written">written</span></p><p> 2）<span word="Whats">Whats</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="language">language</span> ____ <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Germany">Germany</span>？</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="speaking">speaking</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="spoken">spoken</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="be">be</span> <span word="spoken">spoken</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="to">to</span> <span word="speak">speak</span></p>
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