英译汉中的增词现象
<p> 英译汉中的增词现象</p><p> 增词现象主要有下列三种情况：</p><p> 一、为了句法结构上的完整而增词。</p><p> 1．原文中省略了动词，在翻译成汉语时要译出。例如：</p><p> <span word="Reading">Reading</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="man">man</span>，<span word="talking">talking</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="ready">ready</span> <span word="man">man</span>，<span word="writing">writing</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="exact">exact</span> <span word="man">man</span>．读书使人充实，谈话使人敏捷，写作使人准确。</p><p> 2．原文回答中省略的部分，译成汉语时需要增词。例如：</p><p> <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="better">better</span>，<span word="green">green</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="red">red</span>？你喜欢哪一种颜色，绿色还是红色？</p><p> <span word="Neither">Neither</span>．哪一种也不喜欢。（两者都不喜欢。）</p><p> 3．原句比较中省略的部分，在译成汉语时需要补充出来。例如：</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="concerned">concerned</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="himself">himself</span>．他关心别人比关心自己都要多。</p><p> 二、为了语义方面的完整而增词。常见情况有下列几种：</p><p> 1．增加量词。英语中的数词可以和可数名词直接连用，而译成汉语时需要借助量词。例如：</p><p> <span word="Father">Father</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="car">car</span>．爸爸买了一辆新车。</p><p> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="red">red</span> <span word="sun">sun</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="rising">rising</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span>．一轮红日正从东方冉冉升起。</p><p> 2．在不及物动词后面增加名词。例如：</p><p> <span word="My">My</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="borrow">borrow</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="others">others</span>．我的父母告诉我不要向别人借东西。</p>
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