中考英语语法汇总：完形填空（一）
<p>第五部分 完型填空（一）完型填空概述和解题技巧1．各小题有四项答案的完型填空中，只有一项最佳，其余均是干扰性的或迷惑性的。做完型填空时，要注意下列几个步骤：第一步，要快速通读全文，了解文章大意，正确分析、归纳文章主旨。第二步，在理解文章大意基础上，对每道题所给的词语进行剖析，考虑语境，上下呼应，运用逻辑思维进行推理，再根据自己最有把握的、最熟悉的短语、习惯用语、动词形式和句子结构等，先完成简单的，把难的留在后面。第三步，再细读全文，集中精力解决难点，填补空缺。第四步，答题完毕，遵循由整体到局部、由局部到整体的规律，再耐心通读全文，认真复查所选答案是否得当，语法是否正确，逻辑推理是否合理。2．首字母已给的完型填空比四选一的完型填空还要难些。除了掌握上述四步的答题技巧外，还要了解空格所缺词的词性，确保语法的正确性，注意数的变化。在填名词时，应联系文章的主题，注意它的单复数；在填动词时，要注意它的时态、语态；在填连词时，注意分析文章中前后句和上下文的逻辑关系；在填形容词和副词时，注意比较级和最高级的用法；在填代词时，要注意它的性、数、格是否准确；在填介词时，注意它的固定搭配和常用语法特点。（二）经典例题解析1．根据上下文的情景确定意义上正确的词利用上下文信息，选择或填写正确的词是完型填空解题时最常用的方法之一。在做四选一的完型填空时，我们有时会发现每一个选项从语法角度来讲都可以说得通，遇到这种情况，我们应细读上下文，正确答案会在上下文中得到提示。试看以下例题：[例1]<span word="What">What</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="remember">remember</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="childhood">childhood</span>? <span word="There">There</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="things">things</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="live">live</span>______ , <span word="and">and</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="morning">morning</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="feed">feed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cows">cows</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sheep">sheep</span>.<span word="A">A</span>. <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="town">town</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="farm">farm</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="busy">busy</span> <span word="street">street</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="city">city</span>【解析】本段主要讲作者回忆儿童时代所居住的地点。从四个选项来看都是可能的，语法上都说得通。但通过下文<span word="my">my</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="morning">morning</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="feed">feed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cows">cows</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sheep">sheep</span>.提示我们可以知道作者生活在农村，正确答案选<span word="B">B</span>。[例2]1 <span word="was">was</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="trip">trip</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Paris">Paris</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="London">London</span>. <span word="At">At</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="town">town</span> <span word="near">near</span> <span word="London">London</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="stopped">stopped</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="s">s</span> .<span word="As">As</span> <span word="l">l</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="crowded">crowded</span> <span word="shop">shop</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="talk">talk</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="b">b</span>【解析】本段主要讲作者在伦敦的一个小镇的经历。在第一空格上，由下文<span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="crowded">crowded</span> <span word="shop">shop</span>这个词组可以推断应填<span word="shopping">shopping</span>，这样也就很容易判断第二空格内应填<span word="bought">bought</span>了。[例3]<span word="I">I</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="remember">remember</span> <span word="waking">waking</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="smell">smell</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="breakfast">breakfast</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="mother">mother</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="cooking">cooking</span>. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wonderful">wonderful</span> <span word="smell">smell</span>! <span word="I">I</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> _______ ,<span word="wash">wash</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="downstairs">downstairs</span>. <span word="My">My</span> <span word="breakfast">breakfast</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="waiting">waiting</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="table">table</span>.<span word="A">A</span>. <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bed">bed</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="lie">lie</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="bed">bed</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="jump">jump</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="bed">bed</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="get">get</span> <span word="up">up</span>【解析】本段讲每天早上妈妈煮的早餐发出诱人的香味，使得躺在床上的我立即起床。根据题干，<span word="A">A</span>、<span word="C">C</span>、<span word="D">D</span>均和床有关联，但是按上下文情景的提示，此处还要表达作者的一种迫不及待的心情。因此只能选<span word="C">C</span>。[例4]<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="special">special</span> <span word="class">class</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="c">c</span> <span word="l">l</span> . <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="America">America</span>, <span word="others">others</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Germany">Germany</span>, <span word="France">France</span>, <span word="Japan">Japan</span>. <span word="Their">Their</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="w">w</span> 2 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span>.【解析】这是一个特殊的班级，学生们来自于不同的地方。根据下文提到的<span word="America">America</span>，<span word="Germany">Germany</span>，<span word="France">France</span>，<span word="Japan">Japan</span>，可以判断第一格指的是国家<span word="country">country</span>，由此也推断出学生的父母亲目前在上海工作。第二格由于谓语动词是<span word="be">be</span>动词，所以这里的时态为进行时，表示目前状态。故应填现在分词<span word="working">working</span>。2．根据词汇的辨析和词组的搭配来解题在选项中设置四个词性一致、意义相近的词是完型填空命题时常用的手段之一。在做此类题目时，必须要在特定的语境中选择最佳，或者也可以推敲一些固定的词组搭配来进行选项。在做首字母完型填空时，尤其应注意空格所缺单词的词性及词组搭配。[例1]<span word="On">On</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="train">train</span>, <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="l">l</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="ticket">ticket</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conductor">conductor</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="coming">coming</span> __ 2 <span word="to">to</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="ticket">ticket</span>.1. <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="out">out</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="forward">forward</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="anywhere">anywhere</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="everywhere">everywhere</span>2．<span word="A">A</span>. <span word="down">down</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="up">up</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="in">in</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="on">on</span>【解析】第一空格指<span word="Tom">Tom</span>在火车上到处找车票，因此选<span word="D">D</span>。<span word="everywhere">everywhere</span>为最佳答案，<span word="anywhere">anywhere</span>常用于否定句和疑问句中。第二空格意为列车员上前查票，走到某人面前<span word="come">come</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.为固定词组搭配，因此选<span word="B">B</span>。[例2]<span word="After">After</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="diet">diet</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="f">f</span> <span word="l">l</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="herselfespecially">herselfespecially</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> 2 <span word="to">to</span> <span word="fit">fit</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pair">pair</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="jeans">jeans</span>.<span word="Look">Look</span>, <span word="Look">Look</span>! <span word="She">She</span> <span word="shouted">shouted</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="running">running</span> <span word="downstairs">downstairs</span> <span word="to">to</span><span word="show">show</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="husband">husband</span>．【解析】本段落主要讲一位女士经过减肥后可以穿得上一条牛仔裤，并要演示给她丈夫看的情景。第一格表达主人公的感觉很好，因此填<span word="felt">felt</span>；第二格表达她能够穿上牛仔裤了，<span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span>为固定搭配。[例3]<span word="A">A</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="manager">manager</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="himself">himself</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="having">having</span> <span word="meetings">meetings</span>. <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> _________<span word="what">what</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="means">means</span>?<span word="A">A</span>. <span word="think">think</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="guess">guess</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="know">know</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="understand">understand</span>【解析】本段讲述了一个日本经理和他的员工在开会时将都站着。本题问的是你知道他说话的含义吗。从四个选项看，<span word="A">A</span>和<span word="B">B</span>放人句中意思不通，而<span word="C">C</span>和<span word="D">D</span>两个答案很接近。<span word="D">D</span>选项强调理解他的意思，从上文句子看当然很好理解这句话讲述了什么事。但是其中的含义就不知道了。因此选项<span word="C">C</span>才是最合适的。[例4]<span word="In">In</span> <span word="March">March</span> 1982, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="drought">drought</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Australia">Australia</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="summer">summer</span> <span word="rain">rain</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="fall">fall</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="grass">grass</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="grow">grow</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="farmers">farmers</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sell">sell</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="sheep">sheep</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="sheep">sheep</span> <span word="d">d</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="hungry">hungry</span>.【解析】从下句<span word="the">the</span> <span word="summer">summer</span>...推断这是一场严重的干旱，第一空格填<span word="terrible">terrible</span>。根据上文提及的严重干旱可以知道由此而导致很多羊死于饥饿，<span word="die">die</span> <span word="of">of</span>是固定词组，第二空格填<span word="died">died</span>。</p>
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