中华思想术语翻译选读：虚
<p>&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;虚指世界或者心灵的一种状态。大体有两种不同的含义：其一，指世界的本原，万物皆由虚无中来。但古人对&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;虚的这一含义又有不同理解：或认为&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;虚就是空虚无有；或认为&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;虚指&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;气的存在状态，因为&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;气的存在隐微无形，故以&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;虚称之，但并非完全空无。其二，指虚静的或没有成见的内心状态。</p><p><span word="Xu">Xu</span> <span word="refers">refers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cosmos">cosmos</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mind">mind</span>. <span word="Basically">Basically</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="meanings">meanings</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="refers">refers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="origin">origin</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="universe">universe</span>, <span word="indicating">indicating</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="everything">everything</span> <span word="originates">originates</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="xu">xu</span>, <span word="Different">Different</span> <span word="ancient">ancient</span> <span word="thinkers">thinkers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="interpretations">interpretations</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="notion">notion</span>: <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="xu">xu</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="devoid">devoid</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="anything">anything</span>; <span word="others">others</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="existence">existence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="qi">qi</span> (气). <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="qi">qi</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="invisible">invisible</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="formless">formless</span>, <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="empty">empty</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="vacuum">vacuum</span> <span word="totally">totally</span> <span word="devoid">devoid</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="anything">anything</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="meaning">meaning</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="xu">xu</span> <span word="refers">refers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="peaceful">peaceful</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="preoccupied">preoccupied</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="simply">simply</span> <span word="free">free</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="preconceptions">preconceptions</span>.</p><p><span word="Examples">Examples</span></p><p>太虚无形，气之本体。（张载《正蒙&<span word="bull">bull</span>;太和》）</p><p>（&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;虚是无形的，是&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;气的本来状态。）</p><p><span word="Xu">Xu</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="formless">formless</span>; <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="original">original</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="qi">qi</span>. (<span word="Zhang">Zhang</span> <span word="Zai">Zai</span>: <span word="Enlightement">Enlightement</span> <span word="Through">Through</span> <span word="Confucian">Confucian</span> <span word="Teachings">Teachings</span>)</p><p>唯道集虚，虚者心斋也。（《庄子&<span word="bull">bull</span>;人间世》）</p><p>（只有道汇集并呈现于虚静的心灵，&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;虚就是心斋。）</p>
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