英语语法：状语
<p> 状语(<span word="adverbial">adverbial</span>)是句子的重要修饰成分。状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分，它附加在谓语中心语的前面，从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。</p><p> 如：<span word="At">At</span> <span word="night">night</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="often">often</span>., 此句中<span word="at">at</span> <span word="night">night</span>, <span word="very">very</span> <span word="often">often</span>都是状语</p><p> 介宾短语作状语是填空题的重要考点，若空格处或空格所在部分之后是完整的主谓句，且两部分之间多以逗号隔开，若选项中无从句结构或分词，此时空格处需填入介宾短语作状语。</p><p> 例题：</p><p> (1)</p><p> ----<span word="irritating">irritating</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="humans">humans</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="phenol">phenol</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="antiseptic">antiseptic</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="largely">largely</span> <span word="discontinued">discontinued</span>.</p><p> (<span word="A">A</span>) <span word="Its">Its</span></p><p> (<span word="B">B</span>) <span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="its">its</span></p><p> (<span word="C">C</span>) <span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="its">its</span></p><p> (<span word="D">D</span>) <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="its">its</span></p><p> 答案：<span word="D">D</span></p><p> 解释：此句主干完整, 主语是<span word="the">the</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="phenol">phenol</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="antiseptic">antiseptic</span>, 谓语是<span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="largely">largely</span> <span word="discontinued">discontinued</span>, 逗号之前应是状语. <span word="A">A</span>构成名词短语, 与该句主语发生冲突; <span word="B">B</span>、<span word="C">C</span>欲构成从句, 但缺少从句的谓语动词; <span word="D">D</span>恰好构成表示原因的状语, 短语<span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span> 之后常接名词或动名词表原因, 如: <span word="He">He</span> <span word="failed">failed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="exam">exam</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="carelessness">carelessness</span>.</p><p> (2)</p>
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