英语语法：助动词
<p> 协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(<span word="Auxiliary">Auxiliary</span> <span word="Verb">Verb</span>)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(<span word="Main">Main</span> <span word="Verb">Verb</span>)。构成时态和语态。 助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉译。</p><p> 一、<span word="have">have</span>/<span word="has">has</span> (现在完成时), <span word="had">had</span> (过去完成时)</p><p> 这组助动词主要用来构成完成时态，形式为：<span word="have">have</span> /<span word="has">has</span> /<span word="had">had</span> + 过去分词如：</p><p> <span word="She">She</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="mentioned">mentioned</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="before">before</span>.</p><p> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="haven">haven</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="ages">ages</span>.</p><p> 二、<span word="be">be</span></p><p> <span word="be">be</span>本身可作谓语动词，但在进行时中它是助动词，与现在分词搭配使用，缺一不可如：</p><p> <span word="He">He</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="favorite">favorite</span> <span word="pet">pet</span>.</p><p> <span word="She">She</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="watching">watching</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="match">match</span>.</p><p> 此外，<span word="be">be</span>和过去分词搭配构成被动语态</p><p> 如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="vicar">vicar</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="killed">killed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="accident">accident</span>.</p><p> 三、<span word="do">do</span>/<span word="does">does</span> (一般现在时), <span word="did">did</span> (一般过去时)</p><p> 此组助动词用于构成疑问式或否定式如：</p><p> <span word="Did">Did</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="manager">manager</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>?</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="moment">moment</span>.</p><p> 四、<span word="will">will</span>, <span word="shall">shall</span>, <span word="would">would</span></p><p> 此组助动词用于构成将来时如：</p><p> <span word="Mary">Mary</span> <span word="promised">promised</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="visit">visit</span> <span word="soon">soon</span>.</p>
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