中国翻译“三剑客” 谈英语学习
<p>出场人物：过家鼎，毕业于上海圣芳济中学和复旦大学外文系。曾担任板门店朝鲜停战谈判代表团英文翻译，华沙中美大使级谈判翻译。曾任中国常驻联合国代表团一秘，外交部翻译室主任等职，被誉为中国翻译&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;三剑客之一。</p><p>学习英语与学习任何其他语言一样，都有一个深入浅出的过程。&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;深入（<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="profound">profound</span>）是提高，&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;浅出（<span word="use">use</span> <span word="plain">plain</span> <span word="language">language</span>）是进一步提高。初学者必须扩大词汇，学会使用一定数量的常见或常用词汇，努力记忆一些高深和专门的用语。如老年痴呆症<span word="Alaheimer">Alaheimer</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="disease">disease</span>（德语字源）；观世音菩萨<span word="Avalokitesvara">Avalokitesvara</span>（梵文字源），即 <span word="Goddess">Goddess</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Mercy">Mercy</span>，等等。初出茅庐时，喜欢用一些深奥的词，以显示自己的学问渊博，如&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;毫无根据的用<span word="gratuitous">gratuitous</span>（拉丁字源），而不用<span word="groundless">groundless</span>。然而，随着学问的深入，就会注意避免华丽花哨和学究气(<span word="being">being</span> <span word="pompous">pompous</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="pedantic">pedantic</span>)，转而使用简单平易的语言(<span word="The">The</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="learn">learn</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="simpler">simpler</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="use">use</span>.)。</p><p>一、随着语言水平的提高，人们会发现，愈是简单的常用词，愈难充分掌握其用法。仅举<span word="look">look</span>，<span word="put">put</span>，<span word="turn">turn</span>这三个最基本的单词为例，它们的词义很难全面掌握。</p><p>（一）<span word="look">look</span>即是名词，也是动词（包括及物动词和不及物动词），用途广泛，意思复杂多变。</p><p><span word="look">look</span>当作及物动词时，可以说<span word="She">She</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="age">age</span>. 她看来与她的年龄不相称（指显得年轻）。但下一句的意思却完全不同：<span word="Bill">Bill</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="life">life</span>; <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="forty">forty</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="appears">appears</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="sixty">sixty</span>.（比尔的模样显示了他坎坷的经历，他只有40岁，但看上去像是60岁的人。）</p>
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