2020-2021学年浙科版（2019）高一生物必修二单元测试AB卷 第一章 遗传的基本规律 A卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>依次解决①→④中的遗传学问题,采用的方法是( )<br>①鉴定一只白羊(显性性状)是否纯种②在一对相对性状中区分显隐性③不断提高小麦抗病品种的纯合度④鉴别一株高茎豌豆(显性性状)是不是纯合体的最简便方法A.测交杂交自交测交 B.测交自交杂交测交<br>C.测交杂交自交自交 D.测交测交杂交自交<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2021/735385a160c145008cbf3217e2185617/F3FFF02E67737AECAA5F9376DCA7D618.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2021/35eb9f25fa464b2fb2db7bbf99415918/E978BCEA2A52B3A2F9E47A9E089AD6C2.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>甲、乙两位同学分别用小球做孟德尔定律模拟实验。甲同学每次分别从Ⅰ、Ⅱ小桶中随机抓取一个小球并记录字母组合;乙同学每次分别从Ⅲ、Ⅳ小桶中随机抓取一个小球并记录字母组合。将抓取的小球分别放回原来小桶后再多次重复。下列叙述错误的是( )<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2021/1/23/786747AB24F370C592AACC8AD8A100BC.png"><br>A.实验中每只小桶内两种小球的数量必须相等<br>B.甲同学模拟的是等位基因的分离和配子的随机结合<br>C.乙同学模拟的是非同源染色体上非等位基因的自由组合<br>D.甲、乙重复300次实验后,统计的Dd、AB组合的概率均约为50%<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2021/89394c050522428c94ddaa7e66c8c233/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2021/3c45ab710fd446889afc4c7b399e481c/0584516B78BA3171AC01106F7EDA82FE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>已知番茄的红果(R)对黄果(r)为显性,高茎(D)对矮茎(d)为显性,这两对基因是独立遗传的。某校科技活动小组将某一红果高茎番茄植株测交,对其后代再测交。并用柱形图来表示第二次测交后代中各种表现型的比例,其结果如图所示:请你分析最先用来做实验的亲本红果高茎番茄植株的基因型是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2018/5/8/1F105DDE2338C9A7CAD6342C94C8F558.png"><br>A.RRDd B.RRDD C.RrDD D.RrDd<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2018/004b9457fa7947f7bd6e80c155cbb588/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2018/d315c30dd6534522987d042a591c8106/83EB2344D1086945E38FF1078E9A5CF1.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某植物的花色受不连锁的两对基因A/a、B/b控制,这两对基因与花色的关系如图所示,此外,a基因对于B基因的表达有抑制作用。现将基因型为AaBb的个体与基因型为aaBb的个体杂交得到F<sub>1</sub>,则F<sub>1</sub>的自交后代中花色的表型及比例是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2019/12/19/0F737B8AAC08C2F080552250A0C1E01E.png"><br>A.白︰粉︰红=40︰19︰5<br>B.白︰粉︰红=3︰12︰1<br>C.白︰粉︰红=4︰9︰3<br>D.白︰粉︰红=6︰9︰1<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2019/aeba1f23f9d641919c09cd24c59afbee/C6DD893B0461FAD877175A7ECBBD5939.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2019/7884147a33d148fc80a08f41444d5c41/DAF2EE24C685BC6A991A7979B89D6647.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>以下结果不能说明控制相关性状的等位基因的遗传一定符合自由组合定律的是( )<br>A.高秆抗病(EeFf)个体自交,子代的性状分离比为9︰3︰3︰1<br>B.某植株的花色由两对等位基因控制,红花与白花个体杂交,F<sub>1</sub>均为红花,F<sub>1</sub>自交,F<sub>2</sub>表现为红花︰白花=9︰7<br>C.黄色圆粒(AaBb)与绿色皱粒(aabb)豌豆杂交,子代不同表型的数量比为1︰1︰1︰1<br>D.长翅白眼(Ddee)与残翅红眼(ddEe)个体交配,子代不同表型的数量比为1︰1︰1︰1<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2021/8396f1988e94488b9b93e5aab1e7ab17/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2021/6ae440c11ea548958232fca040b0c0f5/D3B3C8DC2C66F48C3D02AFFA8145AF58.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列关于遗传实验和遗传规律的叙述,不正确的是( )<br>A.非等位基因之间的自由组合会影响生物的表型<br>B.杂合子与纯合子基因组成不同,性状表现也不同<br>C.孟德尔巧妙设计的测交方法可以用于检测F<sub>1</sub>的基因型<br>D.选择合适的生物材料是遗传学实验获得成功的重要前提<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2019/cf7352b56d9948fdab97717db946c3ab/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2019/e375b482ad8b476fa9fd00e9b8806725/1C19463D36B562EAF9E52EA54F73D2CC.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>小麦的高秆、矮秆,抗病、感病是两对相对性状,分别由等位基因A(a)、B(b)控制。请分析下面实验,回答下列相关问题:<brstyle="WIDOWS:2;ORPHANS:2;WORD-SPACING:0px;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">实验1:高秆抗病植株与矮秆感病植株杂交得F<substyle="WIDOWS:2;BOTTOM:-0.25em;ORPHANS:2;WORD-SPACING:0px;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">1</sub>,F<substyle="WIDOWS:2;BOTTOM:-0.25em;ORPHANS:2;WORD-SPACING:0px;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">1</sub>自交得F<substyle="WIDOWS:2;BOTTOM:-0.25em;ORPHANS:2;WORD-SPACING:0px;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">2</sub>,F<substyle="WIDOWS:2;BOTTOM:-0.25em;ORPHANS:2;WORD-SPACING:0px;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">2</sub>的表现型及比例:高秆抗病:高秆感病:矮秆抗病:矮秆感病=9:3:3:1。<brstyle="WIDOWS:2;ORPHANS:2;WORD-SPACING:0px;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">实验2:高秆抗病植株与矮秆感病植株杂交得F<substyle="WIDOWS:2;BOTTOM:-0.25em;ORPHANS:2;WORD-SPACING:0px;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">1</sub>,F<substyle="WIDOWS:2;BOTTOM:-0.25em;ORPHANS:2;WORD-SPACING:0px;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">1</sub>自交得F<substyle="WIDOWS:2;BOTTOM:-0.25em;ORPHANS:2;WORD-SPACING:0px;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">2</sub>,F<substyle="WIDOWS:2;BOTTOM:-0.25em;ORPHANS:2;WORD-SPACING:0px;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">2</sub>的表现型及比例:高秆抗病:高秆感病:矮秆抗病:矮秆感病=9:15:15:25。1.由实验1可知,A(a)、B(b)位于(填“同源”或“非同源”)染色体上。<br>2.实验2中亲本的基因型是________。<br>3.欲判断这两对等位基因遗传时是否遵循自由组合定律,可采用_______组合。①AaBb×AaBb ②Aabb×aaBb ③AaBb×aabb ④AABB×aabb4.现有一株高秆感病植株,请通过实验来确定其基因型。<brstyle="WIDOWS:2;ORPHANS:2;WORD-SPACING:0px;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">实验方案:_______________________________________。<brstyle="WIDOWS:2;ORPHANS:2;WORD-SPACING:0px;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">预期结果及结论:_________________________________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2020/d17765fbb3504530836438d7c714b4c1/0496411DA2AEF729E380B703AD4FFE4F.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2020/d652d2fde570467580dfe521f8b0715a/FDB60DC3126EB8BEB73667B2633E8B3B.png"><br><br>
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