湖南省常德市2018-2019学年高二下学期期中考试生物（文）试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>豌豆在自然状态下是纯种的原因是( )<br>A.豌豆品种间性状差异大<br>B.豌豆先开花后授粉<br>C.豌豆是闭花自花授粉的植物<br>D.豌豆是自花传粉的植物<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2020/06fdea3878ab47e68d39777f8e70d70b/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2020/9d405e94d1ab473d88ba31924178ee5f/081B5295180C789FC5A7750C65F1C32D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列基因型中不是配子的是( )<br>A.YR B.Dd C.BV D.AB<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2019/261bc65b08a242f2b76b7a61742310be/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2019/74de1ac2c8ae4aa0a089c4cd40d58d2a/E4E5C4E384E36235F99F3F685A9793F7.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列叙述正确的是( )<br>A.体细胞中只含有成对的常染色体<br>B.生殖细胞中只含有性染色体<br>C.体细胞中含有成对的常染色体和性染色<br>D.生殖细胞中含有成对的性染色体和常染色体<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2020/a4283bf195034453bb43e111c27351c5/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2020/486b165fa9ec48dfb8d6d871216bfb46/1BCB24970D07B9350A24832F51C2AA37.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>基因分离规律的实质是( )<br>A.子二代出现性状分离<br>B.子二代出现性状分离比为3:1<br>C.等位基因随同源染色体的分开而分离<br>D.测交后代性状分离比为1:1<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2020/bdea263239ae4011979555439eed0876/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2020/356c897aed164a4e858826b2d92e0774/155A73303BBDCC6AF3EEA57ADA5CC9B2.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>若某家庭已有4个孩子,3男1女,那么再生1个孩子是女孩的几率是( )<br>A.0 B.1/2 C.1/4 D.1/8<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2014/60abf40191594c228b91825a67c6cdde/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2014/4193b488c94f4f49878fdd155b384dd0/0D47BC46E7EA1FFBB78CA7BE9A9E6152.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>一对杂合子的黑毛豚鼠交配,生出四只豚鼠。它们的性状及数量可能是( )<br>A.全部黑色或白色 B.三黑一白或一黑三白<br>C.二黑二白 D.以上任何一种都有可能<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2018/7a65efba09ab48fe917980d6e13d72b6/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2018/f00b652cef2f463c90863e839c3108b3/15E1D94489763873FB0D5D0ACE543767.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>一男子把X染色体传给他的孙女的概率是( )<br>A.1/2 B.1/4 C.1/8 D.0<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2013/36bdbd51a8de451fa20a5f240bec7373/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2013/e15a82fd1d4c4e57b04c5fa17027b047/3BBA3463BB5FB6084FF355B005663332.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>视神经萎缩症是一种显性遗传病。若一对夫妇均为杂合子,生正常男孩的概率是( )<br>A.25% B.12.5% C.32.5% D.0.75%<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2018/68bf0d3ee49945558e706c66d24b1e7c/CB10E80A5A739A58F1312BA12F379467.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2018/52cf76a0da324521a11f25f9c8c3bcf5/C38024BA0C59307346B3AAF3434CDED6.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>番茄果实的颜色由一对基因A、a控制,下表是关于番茄果实颜色的3个杂交实验及其结果。下列分析正确的是( )<br><tbody><br>实验组<br>亲本表现型<br>F1的表现型和植株数目<br>红果<br>黄果<br>1<br>红果×黄果<br>492<br>504<br>2<br>红果×黄果<br>997<br>0<br>3<br>红果×红果<br>1511<br>508<br></tbody><br>A.番茄的果实颜色中,黄色为显性性状<br>B.实验1的亲本基因型:红果为AA,黄果为aa<br>C.实验2的F<sub>1</sub>红果番茄均为杂合子<br>D.实验3的F<sub>1</sub>中黄果番茄的基因型可能是AA或Aa<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2020/1222c52e2ea94894968a0823bb717e09/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2020/4b494c1ba73842b0a43ccedb90d71b57/22C5A68DFA17F2C0859B1FDD801A2D5C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>用下列哪种方法,可最简捷的依次解决①~③的遗传问题( )<br>①鉴定一株高茎豌豆是否为纯合体②区别女娄菜披针形叶和狭披针形叶的显隐性关系③不断提高抗病小麦纯合体的比例A.自交、杂交、自交 B.自交、测交、测交<br>C.杂交、测交、自交 D.测交、杂交、自交<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2020/07a164fd6fc14f03abb19858538c8473/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2020/c2c8a5f5ee3247b7a7fc659a2ae6be78/BA304165CE984F5ABFD8D3B47768D28D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>用纯种黄色圆粒豌豆(YYRR)和纯种绿色皱粒豌豆(yyrr)作亲本进行杂交,F<sub>1</sub>再进行自交,则F<sub>2</sub>中表现型与F<sub>1</sub>表现型相同的个体占总数的( )<br>A.1/16 B.3/16 C.6/16 D.9/16<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2011/c4bdca1e128143f4b4c0bc4cd5ea4443/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2011/4ba72f589f8e483183727257e15f4ed5/868AB52BD0A4EFAAC6D375D44BBB065E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>牵牛花的红花(A)对白花(a)为显性,阔叶(B)对窄叶(b)为显性。纯合红花窄叶和纯合白花阔叶杂交的后代再与“某植株”杂交,其后代中红花阔叶.红花窄叶.白花阔叶.白花窄叶的比依次是3︰1︰3︰1,遗传遵循基因的自由组合定律。“某植株”的基因型是( )<br>A.aaBb B.aaBB C.AaBb D.Aabb<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2020/4a03f327f0a740a69b0c75046a7025f3/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2020/8b666be3b29d4ca8b0d0cf3e336fbb09/200BC605BC9835112C4BFDB7B205D6FD.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>同源染色体是指( )<br>A.一条染色体复制形成的两条染色体<br>B.来自父本和母本的任意两条染色体<br>C.形态、大小大体相同的两条染色体<br>D.减数分裂过程中联会的两条染色体<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2018/ff2d9e52c11f4382b86190dd5c517c8c/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2018/fa6296b2e4e3468992903c2998deaa9d/38342152C94ACB9579A876F5CAE40A13.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>细胞减数第一次分裂过程中不会出现( )<br>A.同源染色体配对(联会)<br>B.四分体中的非姐妹染色单体之间交叉、互换<br>C.非同源染色体自由组合<br>D.着丝点一分为二,姐妹染色单体分离<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2018/38f66110c58443dd93ff82ea0a45ed36/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2018/5747d78b2b334be882a235fe81978521/780118395E5D29E7B3CB4D4B343FAA95.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>在减数分裂过程中,同源染色体分离,非同源染色体自由组合是( )<br>A.同时发生于第一次分裂后期<br>B.同时发生于第二次分裂后期<br>C.同时发生于第二次分裂末期<br>D.分离发生于第一次分裂,自由组合发生于第二次分裂<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2015/618490baa299498ea0afcdf1461c9fa7/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2015/6b627c59e14e49838b4428df337a042f/0D3EFA318999855E150B6FC8AC1569DC.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>人类精子的染色体组成是( )<br>A.44条+XY B.22条+X或22条+Y<br>C.11对+X或11对+Y D.22条+Y<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2015/c2fdc0d9d90241359849c3c7c60229be/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2015/0a9621a5db08479bad33ac1083fafd11/6EE7800651CF83582F906E3B92ED0017.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>人的性别决定是在( )<br>A.胎儿形成时 B.胎儿发育时<br>C.形成受精卵时 D.受精卵分裂时<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2017/a90f89bea07d40fc858987146fa9a171/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2017/4dd2e1061f47491aa04204d04101ac57/3614BD4992A56B6A7E46CAC68547D1C5.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>果蝇体细胞中有4对8条染色体,它产生的有性生殖细胞中染色体数目应该是( )<br>A.2对4条 B.4对8条 C.8条 D.4条<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2016/14d034bd336c4e7c94aab208414fa80b/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2016/0517c6dcb0c64b438ec231d2c3d9fcc8/891C64C40C692A31ABB6CDC406D6F631.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>图甲表示某雌性高等动物细胞减数分裂过程中某时期的示意图,图乙为减数分裂过程中染色体数目变化曲线图。图甲细胞的变化对应于图乙中的时间段是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2011/5/14/FB507BF46C1DF7DECC7543AD710161D5.png"><br>style="VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle">A.7~8 B.4~7 C.8~9 D.4~5<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2011/1e5b5731a9dd46a9848c4610da2b0d28/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2011/b2ababf3fc8641a6ad75928933999e1c/28332CF29935FF3201EF10E2493B5997.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>与卵细胞形成过程相比,精子形成过程特有的是( )<br>A.染色体数目减半 B.精细胞的变形<br>C.非同源染色体自由 D.同源染色体两两配对<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2020/fb3b6e97f74740f3b7e5060d0a424df0/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>用A和B分别代表精子细胞中的染色体数和DNA数,则初级精母细胞中的染色体和DNA分别是( )<br>A.2A和3B B.2A和4B C.4A和4B D.4A和2B<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2015/ddcba9acabff4294b23f3368f8609971/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2015/49535c23447443a383ef83c4a56c4cac/429162DE5FFDA42861FF4377D1561974.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>女性色盲,她的什么亲属一定患色盲?( )<br>A.父亲和母亲 B.儿子和女儿 C.母亲和女儿 D.父亲和儿子<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2018/0479f73f255f4723ba80acc92ad2b4f7/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/9/2018/d379b655cd974c9186c7216e76c7a7e9/D66ED132E6D64291968384F5C141ECF7.png"><br><br>※题型：读图填空题※知识点：读图填空题※试题难度：中等<br>番茄中红果、黄果是一对相对性状,D控制显性性状,d控制隐性性状,如下图所示,根据遗传图解回答下列问题:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/3/3/137B8EAED22166536CC5E46BFAF5DED8.png"><br>style="VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle">1.红果、黄果中显性性状是&shy;。<br>2.F<sub>1</sub>红果的基因型是&shy;。<br>3.F<sub>2</sub>中黄果的基因型是;;红果的基因型是其比例为。<br>4.P的两个个体的杂交相当于。<br>5.F<sub>1</sub>黄果植株自交后代表现型是,基因型是。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2020/4cdf8b6ff3ae48e887ad742a9fcbe11b/E6C4864ABEA067EE60115786AD349938.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：读图填空题※知识点：读图填空题※试题难度：较易<br>下图是同一种动物体内有关细胞分裂的一组图像,请据图回答下列问题:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/3/3/F3730449A6C61F40496C2C87F9A05E19.png"><br>style="VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle">1.各图中进行有丝分裂的是;<br>2.②图所进行的分裂方式及所处分裂时期是;<br>3.处于④图分裂时期的细胞的名称是或;<br>4.该动物的体细胞中有对同源染色体;<br>5.具有同源染色体的细胞是,具有染色单体的是。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/9/2020/67ed41980cd84435a05ac869fc6e95ba/DC299E2E44508D755A11027F4F176786.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>
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