高一地理知识点精选：大气专题
<p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong>高一地理知识点精选：大气专题</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong>1、对流层的特点：</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">①随高度增加气温降低;</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">②大气对流运动(12km)显著;</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">③天气复杂多变。</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong>2、平流层的特点：</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">①随高度增加温度升高;</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">②大气平稳，以水准运动为主，有利於高空飞行。</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong>3、大气的热力过程</strong>：太阳辐射--地面增温--地面辐射--大气增温--大气(逆)辐射--大气保温</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong>4、大气对太阳辐射的削弱作用</strong>：吸收、反射、散射。</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong>5、太阳辐射(光照)与天气、地势关系</strong>：晴朗的天气、地势高空气稀薄，光照越强;</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我国太阳能的分布青藏高原最高，四川盆地最低。</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong>6、大气的保温效应</strong>：强烈吸收地面长波辐射，并通过大气逆辐射把热量还给地面。</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong>7、气温与天气</strong>：白天多云，气温不高(云层反射作用强);夜晚多云，气温较高(大气逆辐射强)。</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong>8、气温的垂直分布</strong>：对流层气温随高度的增加而递减</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong>9、气温的水准分布</strong>：</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">①纬度分布：纬度越高，气温越低，我国热量最丰富的地区：海南岛</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">②海陆分布：夏季陆地>海洋，冬季海洋>陆地;</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">③气温高的地方，等温线向高纬凸出，反之，气温低的地方，等温线向低纬凸出。</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong>10、气温年较差：</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">①影响因素：海陆热力性质;地表植被水分状况;云雨多少。</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">②变化规律：内陆>沿海，大陆性气候>海洋性气候，裸地>草地>林地>湖泊，晴天>阴天。</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong>11、热力环流的性质特点</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(1)水准方向相邻地面热的地方——垂直气流上升――低气压(气旋)——阴雨</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(2)水准方向相邻地面冷的地方——垂直气流下沉――高气压(反气旋)——晴朗</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(3)垂直方向的气温气压分布：随海拔升高，虽然气温降低，但是空气变稀，气压降低。</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(4)来自低纬的气流——暖湿 </p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(5)来自高纬的气流——冷干</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(6)来自海洋的气流——湿 </p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(7)来自大陆的气流(离陆风)——干</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(8)两种性质不同的气流相遇——锋面——阴雨、风</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong>12、水准方向气压与气温</strong>：近地面，气温高，空气膨胀上升，地面形成低压;反之，气温低，近地面的空气收缩下沉，地面形成高压。</p><p style="white-space: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 宋体, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong>13.风的形成</strong>：大气的水准运动叫风，水准气压梯度力是形成风的直接原因，等压线愈密风速愈大。</p>
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