中国的河流和湖泊
<p>中国河流湖泊众多，这些河流、湖泊不仅是中国地理环境的重要组成部分，而且还蕴藏着丰富的自然资源。中国的河湖地区分布不均，内外流区域兼备。中国外流区域与内流区域的界线大致是：北段大体沿着大兴安岭阴山贺兰山祁连山（东部）一线，南段比较接近于200毫米的年等降水量线（巴颜喀拉山冈底斯山），这条线的东南部是外流区域，约占全国总面积的2/3，河流水量占全国河流总水量的95%以上，内流区域约占全国总面积的1/3，但是河流总水量还不到全国河流总水量的5%。</p><p>河流</p><p>中国是世界上河流最多的国家之一。中国有许多源远流长的大江大河。其中流域面积超过2023平方千米的河流就有2023多条。</p><p>中国的河流，按照河流径流的循环形式，有注入海洋的外流河，也有与海洋不相沟通的内流河。</p><p>主要河流简表</p><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="28" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">河流名称</td><td align="middle" width="98">长度<p>(公里)</p></td><td align="middle" width="98">流域面积<p>(平方公里)</p></td><td align="middle" width="112">流量<p>(立方米/秒)</p></td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="406">外流河</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="406">太平洋水系</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">黑龙江</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023170</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">松花江</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">202300</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">嫩 江</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">202300</td><td align="middle" width="112">824</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">乌苏里江</td><td align="middle" width="98">890</td><td align="middle" width="98">202300</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">绥芬河</td><td align="middle" width="98">254</td><td align="middle" width="98">20234</td><td align="middle" width="112">60</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">图们江</td><td align="middle" width="98">520</td><td align="middle" width="98">20238</td><td align="middle" width="112">268</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">鸭绿江</td><td align="middle" width="98">795</td><td align="middle" width="98">20238</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">辽 河</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">202304</td><td align="middle" width="112">302</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">滦 河</td><td align="middle" width="98">877</td><td align="middle" width="98">20235</td><td align="middle" width="112">149</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">海 河</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">202317</td><td align="middle" width="112">717</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">黄 河</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">202343</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">洮 河</td><td align="middle" width="98">669</td><td align="middle" width="98">20230</td><td align="middle" width="112">172</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="406">外流河</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="406">太平洋水系</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">大黑河</td><td align="middle" width="98">274</td><td align="middle" width="98">20239</td><td align="middle" width="112">5.7</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">汾 河</td><td align="middle" width="98">695</td><td align="middle" width="98">20230</td><td align="middle" width="112">53</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">渭 河</td><td align="middle" width="98">818</td><td align="middle" width="98">202340</td><td align="middle" width="112">292</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">沂 河</td><td align="middle" width="98">322</td><td align="middle" width="98">20235</td><td align="middle" width="112">122</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">淮 河</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">202300</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">长 江</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023199</td><td align="middle" width="112">20230</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">雅砻江</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">202330</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">大渡河</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">20230</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">岷 江</td><td align="middle" width="98">735</td><td align="middle" width="98">202388</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">嘉陵江</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">202310</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">乌 江</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">20235</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">澧 水</td><td align="middle" width="98">372</td><td align="middle" width="98">20232</td><td align="middle" width="112">553</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">沅 江</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">20235</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">资 水</td><td align="middle" width="98">590</td><td align="middle" width="98">20239</td><td align="middle" width="112">797</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">湘 江</td><td align="middle" width="98">817</td><td align="middle" width="98">20238</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">汉 水</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">202310</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">赣 江</td><td align="middle" width="98">744</td><td align="middle" width="98">20238</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">钱塘江</td><td align="middle" width="98">494</td><td align="middle" width="98">20239</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">瓯 江</td><td align="middle" width="98">338</td><td align="middle" width="98">20233</td><td align="middle" width="112">615</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">闽 江</td><td align="middle" width="98">577</td><td align="middle" width="98">20232</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">九龙江</td><td align="middle" width="98">258</td><td align="middle" width="98">20231</td><td align="middle" width="112">446</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">韩 江</td><td align="middle" width="98">325</td><td align="middle" width="98">20234</td><td align="middle" width="112">942</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">浊水溪</td><td align="middle" width="98">186</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="112">176</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">下淡水溪</td><td align="middle" width="98">159</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="112">228</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">珠 江</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">202316</td><td align="middle" width="112">20230</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">柳 江</td><td align="middle" width="98">730</td><td align="middle" width="98">20235</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">郁 江</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">20230</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">桂 江</td><td align="middle" width="98">437</td><td align="middle" width="98">20235</td><td align="middle" width="112">569</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">北 江</td><td align="middle" width="98">468</td><td align="middle" width="98">20232</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">东 江</td><td align="middle" width="98">523</td><td align="middle" width="98">20235</td><td align="middle" width="112">700</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">鉴 江</td><td align="middle" width="98">211</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="112">270</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">南渡河</td><td align="middle" width="98">340</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="112">180</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">元 江</td><td align="middle" width="98">640</td><td align="middle" width="98">20230</td><td align="middle" width="112">634</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">澜沧江</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">202330</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="406">印度洋水系</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">怒 江</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">202330</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">雅鲁藏布江</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">202380</td><td align="middle" width="112">2023</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="406">北冰洋水系</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">额尔齐斯河</td><td align="middle" width="98">546</td><td align="middle" width="98">20230</td><td align="middle" width="112">342</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="406">内 流 河</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">乌伦古河</td><td align="middle" width="98">715</td><td align="middle" width="98">20232</td><td align="middle" width="112">35.6</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">伊犁河</td><td align="middle" width="98">441</td><td align="middle" width="98">20230</td><td align="middle" width="112">410</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">玛纳斯河</td><td align="middle" width="98">406</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="112">40.5</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">阿克苏河</td><td align="middle" width="98">419</td><td align="middle" width="98">20231</td><td align="middle" width="112">195</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">塔里木河</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td width="98"> </td><td width="98"> </td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">喀什噶尔河</td><td align="middle" width="98">507</td><td align="middle" width="98">20230</td><td align="middle" width="112">61.9</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">叶尔羌河</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">20230</td><td align="middle" width="112">203</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">和田河</td><td align="middle" width="98">2023</td><td align="middle" width="98">20232</td><td align="middle" width="112">142</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">车尔臣河</td><td align="middle" width="98">527</td><td align="middle" width="98">20239</td><td align="middle" width="112">16.4</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">格尔木河</td><td align="middle" width="98">419</td><td align="middle" width="98">20237</td><td align="middle" width="112">23.5</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#ff2023" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406"><tbody><tr height="14" valign="top"><td align="middle" width="98">疏勒河</td><td align="middle" width="98">540</td><td align="middle" width="98">20237</td><td align="middle" width="112">26.4</td></tr></tbody></table><p>£</p>
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