河北省河间市2020-2021学年七年级下学期期末考试生物试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>根据达尔文的进化学说,人类起源于( )<br>A.现代类人猿 B.猕猴 C.森林古猿 D.长臂猿<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/1aaccbb138284e6cb911c81a4a0388ed/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/cb25807a5a8c48f39d1ca62cfd97ea2e/FFCCF8806B96D74D7E588ADAD308231B.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>正常情况下,人的受精卵形成部位是( )<br>A.子宫 B.羊水 C.输卵管 D.卵巢<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2013/653ae2be3a0e48f6b3e45a0c04e8f286/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2013/2ef6e9103fc04a9791938004e614ec21/D801B34F36C806FA8BBEB964261A08E0.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>人的一生中,身体发育和智力发展的黄金时期是( )<br>A.婴儿期 B.幼儿期 C.童年期 D.青春期<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/f922858d79784a3a8071151c4f56890f/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/66bfb45e2bb447c0b1a9760adb01f490/34ABB5AB278DA8735E58DCBAFD66A4CB.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>长期不吃水果和蔬菜,导致牙龈出血,可能是因为体内缺乏( )<br>A.维生素A B.维生素B C.维生素C D.维生素D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2018/a61be8dc63de488a88adb457cd3cec6b/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2018/a7bc6cdbf48b4d849c23b0a7c0c682d6/D8261FEF966B44B845998C5057321DF2.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列消化道的各部分中,含消化液种类最多的是( )<br>A.口腔 B.大肠 C.胃 D.小肠<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/36856c552f9c4218ad94dd2ec9cb473a/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/de702cd33bed402aac9c62ed5b462a22/1853B0953F0ED844677219BE0AC69790.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>从食品安全角度考虑,正确的做法是( )<br>A.随便采食野生蘑菇 B.不购买过期的食品<br>C.常吃含防腐剂的食品 D.吃发芽的马铃薯<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/cb274f7040444c46986887ad01750c88/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/9d916162122141739025684223df7ad4/1174557F0CA5DD0153AA30D1AD4F694D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列器官中,既是气体通道又是食物通道的是( )<br>A.咽 B.肺 C.支气管 D.喉<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/8c57cf01eab84fff828f91af8666c145/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/978645ed5e82453a8e8643a7797f3968/4B9CB4D11AD8438C1CF5AA0EEEA90B13.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>人体吸气时,膈肌所处的状态、胸廓容积和肺内气压的变化分别是( )<br>A.收缩、缩小、降低 B.舒张、缩小、增大<br>C.舒张、扩大、增大 D.收缩、扩大、降低<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/26579cb4beb6457b82eaa43a027f0df6/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/6576c82fe20245f387c0aae3ff73f063/32246706B754181D3C25B3E05CCCD163.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>流鼻血后自然止血的过程中,起止血和加速凝血作用的是( )<br>A.红细胞 B.血小板 C.白细胞 D.血红蛋白<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/034cc128e0ec4ebf9819fb8b8e6d92c0/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/b92d4d75c71a4c969478181863ab51a4/D00F7B8506B48E5ED193DB48B076E1C9.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>毛细血管的结构特点便于血液与组织细胞充分地进行物质交换,这些特点不包括( )。A.分布最广 B.管壁最薄 C.管腔最小 D.血流最快<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/c2b2e3cb80c242d48fa3d1e582ab33e8/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/11154e4d8f3043318107475ac7d09169/2A2F62CF46CA208EE709D03641CF8FE0.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某人因伤失血过多,需要进行输血,其血型胃O型,应给他输入的血液的血型为( )<br>A.A型 B.B型 C.AB型 D.O型<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2018/824b4751d4f547d1aec346d1eb90c8ee/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2018/2816704fde404180a9a346bbfa4ad8a3/AD688011168C116CD73B8C1C67B63868.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>泌尿系统的主要器官是( )<br>A.肝脏 B.肺 C.心脏 D.肾脏<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/b7ba177955ef4918a52bb2c8b0dfabdc/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/e32edc6399d840ebb1500bc1d07461ff/70FC90F94C2FFE8C304CE5FA92E9EBF2.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列不属于肾单位的是( )<br>A.入球小动脉 B.肾小球 C.肾小囊 D.肾小管<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/8af79d9b77cf43ccb59dc5f94b6de0c2/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/f5bc7a323167488d9be44bb714b3866e/473C7B4F1F01CFF24E26CAF432AAED8E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>驾驶员在夜晚开车时应将远光灯转换为近光灯,因为强光照射会影响对面驾驶员观察路况。在眼球结构中,感受光线刺激的是( )<br>A.角膜 B.瞳孔 C.晶状体 D.视网膜<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/20faba40ce8a461d8b617a2da53bd4af/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/fea74ad4f04a47c88736b024f38c0e8e/DE5C09A25563C2CDA9960018E52ED6F6.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>人体血液循环和呼吸等重要的生命活动的调节中枢位于( )<br>A.脊髓 B.大脑皮层 C.小脑 D.脑干<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/8a29ee6944c74512809e9d409f655319/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/e50d786ef1064676b419cb084ef021ec/F428559C2B085762E9DD04242D73AA33.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列与成语“望梅止渴”反射类型相同的是( )<br>A.老马识途 B.蜻蜓点水 C.缩手反射 D.蜘蛛结网<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/dccfdb23b469463f8fc70680963fb666/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/40023afdfdc94b59a2ba33ce73c8c931/00F042D0F789E8FBD4EB18F2663D0FA5.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>泉州是沿海地区,盛产含碘丰富的海产品,因此人们较少患( )<br>A.糖尿病 B.佝偻病<br>C.地方性甲状腺肿 D.侏儒症<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/37a72c173f7c4cfc8b269c713d185445/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/0a038418a14e424a926c85dfe575d819/D6EC5C1B8BF0EA897E9ECF200DF9CAAD.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列哪项不是人类活动对生物圈的影响( )<br>A.水土流失,土地质量下降 B.环境污染<br>C.森林破坏,许多物种灭绝 D.恐龙灭绝<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/bc767bfbc39942b68bb3bcb5fe240dcb/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/c0972187036745d0b85641b50f418a49/66DE986A822CD2F18ED4EBF740271D9E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>对生物有极大的危害,有“空中死神”之称的污染是( )<br>A.臭氧层破坏 B.酸雨 C.大气污染 D.噪声污染<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2012/280428d5543d46bba749dec58a2f2f53/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2012/9a89fe75b994420eaa9e9dba55e8271a/04995FB0432F0212E2F4D7A76125D101.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>关注生态环境是每一个公民应该做的事,作为中学生我们可以做到( )<br>A.不乱扔废弃物 B.不吃野生动物<br>C.参加植树造林 D.以上做法都可以<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/1b8346a134634b1da7d8c3b46bbd5247/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/b3d6070bf24b451e8e432531b02433fc/2DE2738933B3C5B91E519B99FF160317.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>食品安全越来越受到人们的关注,下列做法正确的是( )<br>A.变质的食物一定要煮沸才吃<br>B.蔬菜在吃之前要洗干净<br>C.鱼片最好生吃,营养才“丰富”<br>D.食品在冰箱中低温贮存不会变质<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2021/40407527435c41968d15071ba8306501/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>献血能够挽救更多的生命,下列有关献血的说法不正确的是( )<br>A.我国实行无偿献血制度<br>B.任何人都可以参加献血<br>C.提倡公民自愿献血<br>D.健康成年人一次献血200~300毫升不会影响健康<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/1d330677bc824673b796c8bd7092f3f0/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/474024ad215c49b4b76f86f1374a343c/CB18EC1E2185FA11B92B88D86FBF5A96.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>眼睛是我们获取信息的重要器官。下列有关叙述正确的是( )<br>A.视觉是在视网膜上形成的<br>B.由暗处走到亮处,瞳孔放大<br>C.看近处时晶状体曲度变小<br>D.近视眼可以配戴凹透镜矫正<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/5c050accddae463090d90714d2588e0b/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/d8c20522f3b544dd8e67d9f3b1c4c4d8/ECD63C3FD437D9AFF5F28D421B9223D4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>人体的生命活动受激素的调节。下列有关叙述不正确的是( )<br>A.激素由内分泌腺分泌,分泌量微小但作用大<br>B.当血液流经垂体后,血液中生长激素含量增加<br>C.侏儒症是幼年时甲状腺激素分泌不足造成的<br>D.人在受到惊吓时,心跳加快,血压升高,肾上腺素分泌增加<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/61bcc63260584d24b0ef827eb063eb7b/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/6884f6cbf9a542198750f5cd9a0c073a/E6F50EB20EF70150EAF4F0B404C99B59.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>花生被称为“长生果”,味美可口,营养丰富,但有的人却不宜多吃花生。你认为下列哪种病人不宜多食花生( )<br>A.肝炎病人 B.坏血病病人 C.糖尿病病人 D.脚气病病人<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2013/b33137e237fc498b9d04f9c60d95b3bb/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2013/02ed28b7f5ab4d489b057193755683cd/F45168E4CFAA1BDA2D3EDA23CC6731B8.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列关于人体合理营养的说法正确的是( )<br>A.儿童饮食应以蔬菜为主<br>B.一般情况下,青少年比成年人所需蛋白质多<br>C.青少年吃肉越多越好<br>D.儿童应少吃肉类<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2012/6dc570ed1c454d2aadb9e197438f6c94/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2012/19244a7d070a41dca5f80d43563a67a1/3965FBE6BBD8374BEC1632BD9AE7E77F.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>杂技演员表演走钢丝节目时,协调身体平衡动作的器官主要是( )<br>A.大脑 B.小脑 C.脊髓 D.脑干<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2014/fb6a5da0e379465bbce4914bc9002aa7/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2014/8e6259d035094a288b72c1d854b10085/D5C95CC702530EA2CE91B8117451E940.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>气候变化是当今全球面临的重大挑战,下列行为导致温室效应加剧的是( )<br>A.在田间焚烧秸秆 B.绿化美化环境<br>C.发展新型可再生能源 D.淘汰高耗能企业<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/830034e8b91846b9b5cfe076a44db49e/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/93f6861a88bd4d6b94fba4451b53bfdf/C756B1840ACE30C0025CA1650D3A9AD8.png"><br><br>※题型：读图填空题※知识点：读图填空题※试题难度：中等<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/29/86C68C9B23EB33877F6A04BDFF75EB93.png"><br>1.人体完成反射的神经结构是。<br>2.下图中A是,D是。<br>3.用字母和箭头表示神经冲动传导的方向。<br>4.某人摘月季花时被刺刺了一下,手迅速缩回,从反射的类型看,这是反射,虽然有刺,但他忍痛将花摘了下来,这是反射。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2021/77646a496fbe436d8cfad2d0e508e78f/224BA8D3B492248511217A47D2525793.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：读图填空题※知识点：读图填空题※试题难度：中等<br>如图为三种血管关系示意图,请你据图回答下列问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/6/19/95CD2A7FB615A44AF79286C4F8A4FB3D.png"><br>1.写出图中标号所示血管名称:①,②,③。<br>2.血液在标号处流动最快,红细胞在标号②所示血管内呈通过,该血管管壁只由上皮细胞构成,管内血流速度最慢。这些特点便于血液与组织细胞进行物质交换。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/5e6518fa75fa4b758412240f77f7cebe/3CD3DC996A37B196CC81FC2BF0128DB4.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/a54765b0c5cd47a8972093f656ce9532/29191698A72687FD2986F93B7BCC6922.png"><br><br>※题型：读图填空题※知识点：读图填空题※试题难度：中等<br>下图是汽车司机看见红灯停车的反射示意图,<br>请据图<br>分析。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2014/5/15/2251B345A3A1E80153CC61DAFE624FFB.png"><br>1.红灯的反射光进入司机眼球成像的先后顺序是( )<br>①晶状体 ②角膜 ③瞳孔 ④视网膜 ⑤玻璃体<br>A.①②③④⑤<br>B.②①⑤④③<br>C.②③①⑤④<br>D.⑤④③②①<br>2.眼球结构中能将红光的刺激转变成神经冲动的是。<br>3.完成上述反射的结构基础是,它包括个组成部分。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2014/ddbb035a197f485b950e8d5b26604204/22C29DBA32C88E289DF0AC4760488FE4.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：读图填空题※知识点：读图填空题※试题难度：中等<br>如图所示,为人的呼吸系统图:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2018/5/3/E1364F525E5619A34435A387D19843FA.png"><br>1.呼吸系统由和组成。<br>2.[]是呼吸系统的主要器官,它是的场所。<br>3.是呼吸道和消化道的共同通道,吃饭时大声说笑,容易导致食物误入,引起剧烈咳嗽,甚至阻塞气管,危及生命。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2018/fb543cdd9bef4f4c9fc2862f555a05a8/650C817597243582AB81DA4DE435510B.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：读图填空题※知识点：读图填空题※试题难度：中等<br>下图为我国居民“平衡膳食宝塔”示意图,从“塔基”到“塔顶”表示五类食物的大致比例。<br>请据图<br>回答:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/29/D62FBFF75E1652D9270B1F4CA21C4A11.png"><br>1.处于发育时期的青少年应多吃图中③和④类食物,因为这些食物含丰富的,人的生长发育都离不开它。<br>2.图中②类食物是蔬菜和水果,如果长期不吃这类食物,会导致类营养物质的缺乏。<br>3.肥胖患者往往是由于饮食中糖类和成分摄入量较正常人偏多。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2021/c3e0d5870ea54b94b20c2eb1b260eea0/DCB104F762B6332E6EA66F3FB45F58CF.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>
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