2021届中考生物总复习生物圈中的人考点强化 （3）血液、血管和血型、输血
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>亲子鉴定中需要从血液中提取DNA,那么DNA来自血液成分的( )<br>A.血浆 B.红细胞 C.白细胞 D.血小板<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/4bba861a867c4d25b06e5bc87bd3dee4/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/551f61f245c549e89e3cbdd67dd9c1ca/B08520C7599D90A64FAA2758905ACD94.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某人手指不慎划破出血,血液中与止血和避免发炎有关的是( )<br>A.血小板、血浆 B.血小板、白细胞<br>C.红细胞、血浆 D.白细胞、血浆<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/7327ea7c96db42279a88a75e7444dfa8/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/71880ed557b54acea40dec63637ec1b1/A52B9C6C8BC296F8794DB16EEC5CA0C9.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>人体血液中起运输作用的是( )<br>①血浆<br>②红细胞<br>③白细胞<br>④血小板A.①④ B.①② C.②③ D.③④<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/a89ac422ed734b0280ad0f718ca16b4c/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/76e2a61e37fd4acb92c00b61e082c521/06426E2EDC8B67BBD9DBB65D934F6DD0.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>小胡老师从海南到西藏支教,他刚到高海拔地区时,红细胞的数量变化趋势是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/14/A8E1C3B51074EF19D5F73570C5EA5460.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/14/DD076574C2701508C918CF440C01D202.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/14/6FD390FF015E1B7ADAB49BD31276AD76.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/14/F25B318162030ED322B027AEFA7413D4.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2021/8107b7220b2e4466ae402e1195552ebb/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2021/0d6acd9cd2714ca3937c0ac171a0a621/1E55EF3FAB8805EDADDF10E6A23D4F36.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>通过甲、乙实验可知关于血液的说法错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/886E05F582D72FEDEDDCED342B49514C.png"><br>A.从甲实验可知血液是由血浆和血细胞组成<br>B.从乙实验视野可知红细胞数量最多<br>C.白细胞数量最少,但最大<br>D.甲图的C对应乙图的①<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2021/0fd071606c814b91ac484afbaef6f60d/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2021/0fda877d9793453abc90ddf6471dbd80/B525020879781F770FD84E850E07F393.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>与对应的静脉相比,动脉的主要特征是( )<br>①管壁较厚<br>②管壁较薄<br>③弹性大<br>④弹性小<br>⑤管控大<br>⑥管腔小<br>⑦管内血流速度快<br>⑧管内血流速度慢<br>⑨不具瓣膜<br>⑩常具瓣膜A.①③⑤⑦⑨ B.②④⑥⑧⑩ C.①③⑥⑦⑨ D.②④⑤⑧⑩<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2015/7b7413c2f50b477f95e388e154817244/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2015/9019a66593e24e15a505f66b0b2cf352/648789C39C774C1F01E4C4E0FE5A9ACE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>人体内的三种血管各具特点,下列不属于毛细血管特点的是( )。A.分支较多,管内血流速度最快<br>B.数量很大,分布最广,遍布全身各处组织中<br>C.内径很小,只允许红细胞单行通过<br>D.管壁非常薄,只由一层扁平上皮细胞构成<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/668fe11015be43d4a83e996513f8836f/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/2545a39d203e45e080cbafc221fff178/590E44750167FAF9A73C9BDCADF01311.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>在前臂输血或输液时,医生要先用胶皮管捆扎起来,下列解释合理的是( )<br>A.捆扎后有利于针刺入隆起的动脉<br>B.要在刺入部位的远心端捆扎<br>C.捆扎后有利于针刺入隆起的静脉<br>D.捆扎后远心端静脉变扁平<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/3174157e79154b74b8b25a80e9fc27d4/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/7afcaef3e3634eff9995a3ee36dfa26c/D3B78056B595AFDCAE4CA1D8F6D1E426.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>关于图示血管的描述正确的是( )<imgA.管腔大,血流速度慢的是A<br>B.管壁厚、弹性大的是B<br>C.数量最多、分布最广的是C<br>D.流速最快的是D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/a5c1b3841d934c2da0d82256c43252b3/D9A7E0722DAB5479A60928D5B8864BC6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/eb7453e63cdf4b2c8c29bbdf71d6715c/C3C0084A8BDA51BE071026D7CFC6F985.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>抽取少量甲、乙、丙、丁四人的血液,分别与A型标准血清和B型标准血清混合,观察其血液凝集情况如下表所示:(“+”表示凝集,“一”表示不凝集)<br><tbody><br>甲<br>乙<br>丙<br>丁<br>A型标准血清<br>+<br>+<br>—<br>—<br>B型标准血清<br>+<br>—<br>—<br>+<br></tbody><br>则甲、乙、丙、丁四人的血型是( )<br>A.AB、A、O、B型 B.AB、B、O、A型<br>C.O、A、AB、B型 D.O、B、AB、A型<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/c9f77759b8934844a5fb0be18239e111/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/bdbf73d39c6e48ad95f5ab95b1342584/CDC879126F8CDF43B9FEBED35B518BCF.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>2020年6月14日是第17个“世界献血者日”,其主题是“安全血液拯救生命”,口号是“献血,让世界更健康”。下列关于输血和献血的叙述,不正确的是( )<br>A.安全输血应以输同型血为原则<br>B.对于严重贫血的患者应输入红细胞成分<br>C.在没有同型血的紧急情况下,A型血的人可以输入少量的AB型血<br>D.健康成年人每次献血200~300毫升不会影响健康<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/8bd8cb1aebd64ddcbed781bbb46644ea/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/511843fc9be9492ebf811d609a8c9d3a/A0C5C1D3CDF4BA25D31A9D0733C712BD.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>在低倍显微镜下“观察小鱼尾鳍内的血液流动”的实验中,下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/11/4E84A6635899582C17E1487546B2DC2B.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/11/EEA8FC4F0DBB773EF9FE5EE04D66077E.png"><br>A.图甲中只能通过a调节亮度<br>B.图乙中的②是在使用低倍镜观察<br>C.图丙中的b为毛细血管<br>D.图丙中为使b移到视野中央,载玻片需向下移<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2021/792dcb8e73b841f683a2785409674c93/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2021/973f186c3ee04110a61a350c6e79c03f/0A6C71B44940F361392D5FAACE44AD33.png"><br><br>
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