2021届中考生物重难实验冲刺练习：模拟膈肌的运动
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图中能正确模拟吸气时肺和膈肌活动情况的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/6/19/8CABEA2369CDFBFAB72C76CDD1CC9CC8.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/6/19/08105481C5EF76006EC426743F8B6BD1.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/6/19/3166570656719B28A01919F96DEBCF80.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/6/19/22892C08D10204CDD63173FCAE641F90.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/bf5c70ce948a414a8bdc567bf9de6d0b/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/f44ec3c01f574fbcbd34188ebdb21822/80FE050E4F894C0D5D315958CFB8C3A2.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下图是模拟人体呼吸过程的示意图.正确的一组是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/12/5/510E109896F28ED3AF595622B47A07C7.png"><br>style="VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle">A.甲和乙 B.甲和丙 C.丙和丁 D.乙和丁<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/d82013f8fb684859b564b0610ee37d62/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/405dc152c4894a3386b5045b61e658f8/C56C20C88695A96C3C4C23E3E4F3246A.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列图示中,图甲表示气管a、胸腔b、肺c三者的组合示意图;图乙表示胸腔底部膈肌所处的①、②两种状态。当图乙中的膈肌从①状态向②状态转化时,图甲a、b、c三部位的气压由小到大的顺序是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/6/29/E3B8F60D7262D9E26C8722B593FC9393.png"><br>A.b<c<a B.a<b<c C.a<c<b D.c<a<b<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/48c8afe996c543a6bca12aa881d92466/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/764f9c6945bf4e64b90e07a0bae8921f/BF61583C7F748A59EDEF4399A23C5702.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图是模拟膈肌运动的示意图,分析正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/6/28/3742B6B92ED1220C006A70B73E04B74D.png"><br>A.甲是吸气过程,膈肌舒张<br>B.乙是吸气过程,膈肌舒张<br>C.甲是呼气过程,膈肌收缩<br>D.乙是吸气过程,膈肌收缩<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/815d02cf935e4a68b868d13ff2e4700a/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/fe3edd9b8c17414b804e9be2b5e81702/3D8451C7E54AA5BE4D443933AAAF483B.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图为模拟呼吸运动示意图,有关叙述正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/20/340401F16B4D3510B8FA8BA9F6071E98.png"><br>A.气球模拟肺,橡皮膜模拟膈<br>B.甲图模拟呼气,膈肌收缩<br>C.乙图模拟吸气,膈肌舒张<br>D.该模型能模拟胸廓前后径变化<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/fab0e391d3384127b8ded6ce725a7971/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/22ecfaec88a246d5b79c92fe1891d64d/82CE299B667F9A2818D241B364365329.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图是模拟人体膈的升降与呼吸关系的装置,有关描述正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/1/3/90AA0C05F89DF750E37DB6EBE77537F6.png"><br>A.装置中编号3模拟肺<br>B.装置中编号4模拟横膈膜<br>C.手向下拉4,小气球2变小<br>D.手向下拉4,模拟的是呼气过程<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/a1088705b0cf458a878648215a1577af/4EF59C4461E28F3B3B09551EB8B9AC3F.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/ae67caa0f02745cea4af3a57c051aec9/15D81E816BECC227D3D8F19EBCCD35BA.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>图一、图二是呼吸运动模拟图和气体含量变化曲线图,其中描述正确的是( )<imgA.图一中,①模拟的结构对吸入人体的空气有清洁、温暖、湿润的作用<br>B.②是气体交换的唯一场所<br>C.图一甲中,③处于扩张状态,引起呼气<br>D.若图二中曲线代表二氧化碳的变化情况,则A表示组织细胞处的毛细血管<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/8082358e8fb14711ad433ebef66590f6/DA50F910BECBBBA4AAB35D7A1AB24524.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/796bd1581ade420cbc64ad66016083d2/87871DEF0A163D2841D9637EB4A00FF9.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>图甲是小周和同学一起用可乐瓶、吸管、气球等制作的一个装置,模拟了人在吸气、呼气时胸廓上下径、膈、肺的变化的实验,回答下列问题。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/4/3970DF19FD934EEA0C67A7FD3D9CE221.png"><br>1.图甲中吸管连接的两个气球是模拟人体的。<br>2.B模型中气球膜所代表的结构处于状态,肺内的气体压力相应改变,气体便被。(填“吸入”或“排出”)<br>3.图乙是某人在一次平静呼吸中肺内气压与外界气压差曲线,其中BC段气体压力变化与图甲中模型气体压力变化一致。<br>4.人体呼吸作用最重要的意义是为人体的生命活动提供。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/14133d197ce14176bf1f56dc13c3adf7/D7088D586E9FF79E08A3A85AD77E4251.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/c09b646a84da4ac5a37692ac2f4793e7/825253BF8787AD164E2B4A8C01A4249F.png"><br><br>※题型：读图填空题※知识点：读图填空题※试题难度：中等<br>图<br>A<br>是某人在一次平静呼吸中肺内气压的变化曲线;图<br>B<br>是模拟膈肌运动的实验装置及实验过程,其中<br>、<br>、<br>、<br>表示结构;图<br>C<br>是人体内的气体交换示意图,<br>请据图<br>回答问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/6/19/D22D0DFE0546F396A1E781C32451FC25.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/6/19/7BE125DC6A3719B3D43A503B5413E50A.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/6/19/CF98B948C44871541E4FAD18CCFB7DEA.png"><br>1.图A中,C点表示的结束(填“吸气”或“呼气”),此时肺内气压外界大气压。<br>2.图B所示的实验装置中,序号4模拟人体的。<br>3.图A中曲线AB段表示的肺内气压变化与图B中的图表示的生理过程相同,此时膈肌处于状态。<br>4.空气中的氧气最终到达人体组织细胞中的内,进行呼吸作用。<br>5.图C中,发生在①处和③处的气体交换分别是通过、实现的。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/7ee44b4600314fd8bc01d98ef6ee75b7/B297A28EF0883251939EAE63E0EE0DFF.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/09bff1203b784bcb8b9c01a4dc42e222/6F2B52AF35A8A4DECF80DD7EF70E4C24.png"><br><br>
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