陕西省宝鸡市陈仓区2018-2019学年八年级下学期期中生物试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列繁殖过程中,属于无性繁殖的是( )<br>①用西瓜的根尖组织,培育出西瓜幼苗②冬枣用人工授粉形成种子,进行繁殖③试管婴儿的诞生④克隆羊多莉A.①③④ B.①③ C.①④ D.②③<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/2c9a041239244223ae782b8716d0efbe/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/bc3c0010c6874499bfd9365941a1c4ef/CB4456D04E83FC8E98D589F2BCF1C763.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列说法,正确的是( )<br>A.胚珠发育成果实 B.子房壁发育成种皮<br>C.受精卵发育成胚 D.珠被发育成种子<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/2cb7c3c39dca4baeb2aea0328a2900b0/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/5742df46d6644dd994ce3918b784f9b3/0B7D13B7DE8BEFA9EA30287A39671FCD.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图是昆虫两种发育全过程中各时期的示意图。图中①为卵期。下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/22/8073F226E8D6DDB3E268FADA17EA775F.png"><br>A.②为蛹期,③为幼虫期<br>B.为提高蚕丝产量,应延长②时期<br>C.蝉的完全变态的发育过程是①→②→④<br>D.若此图表示蝗虫发育过程,则③对农作物的危害最大<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/439897ce6c4148118ce920a63e1bb7ab/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/05a38a6484a4429390e85e4aa87e9cbf/DF244ED8A9F65BF10F2C3B6B31714E13.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>在鸟类的生殖和发育过程中,各种鸟都具有的繁殖行为是( )<br>A.求偶、交配、筑巢、产卵、孵卵、育雏<br>B.求偶、交配、产卵<br>C.求偶、交配、筑巢、产卵<br>D.求偶、交配、产卵、育雏<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/18c32755e32841da9b7dedff6dff258f/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/adc8733c156a415daeb363bdd414d71d/ACEFA706E3D3DE995BA5C3328ABD34FB.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列关于基因、DNA、染色体三者关系的图解中,正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/22/E855916FF00D2348DA577A840E08BD79.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/22/853639AC36C6668AB06D29A402D85C43.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/22/3A9E1EDC3BCD4F4984A125A7AAAED0B1.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/22/5E05F9B8A43C5353786757B209875136.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/b1d38072b160456696b7b7f80bf880a2/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/15781e0bd4c0409fac4c8fb9630f5e52/181E9FAAEEF64F2B2E7EFF0EF2855905.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>属于不可遗传的变异是( )<br>A.人的体细胞中若多一条21号染色体,将表现为先天性愚型<br>B.同一品种的小麦在水肥条件不同的环境里,所结子粒的饱满程度不同<br>C.应用空间技术育种培育的太空椒<br>D.一对有耳垂的夫妇生了一个无耳垂的孩子<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2018/f22b6cc36e0e4415ad7d52bdc43add44/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2018/6823aeb29a654c64b4b881d26dc1c4f1/A567E150923CFA6E5E9FB1F1DACFFB51.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列哪一项能正确表示正常女性体细胞及卵细胞中的全部染色体( )<br>A.44+XX和22+X B.46+XX和23+X C.44+XX和X D.46+XX和X<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/09896ba161264a7f988dc48ab91f2cd6/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/7cb918719e3f4aab9a2068979a3ed941/C6A0E0B325F28C11376E09657DF4602E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>家族性多发性结肠息肉是显性遗传病(致病基因为E),父亲患病(基因组成为Ee),母亲表现正常,孩子患病的概率及其患病基因组成是( )<br>A.25%、Ee B.50%、Ee C.25%、ee D.50%、ee<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/0d3ed120a6bd4d4b8b581b4cf3f66621/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/d941041a924748f0b7f7f014e59521cf/B0DCEAEA86AD967BB1A4E0CF49192434.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列对男孩小明性染色体的分析,错误的是( )<br>A.小明的性染色体组成为XY<br>B.X染色体不可能来源于奶奶<br>C.Y染色体一定来源于爷爷<br>D.X染色体一定来源于外婆<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/87aec8f2b6d44d68b5b38ca978a51cd5/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/beae2947fda34c1f8f90dfd5e78ce24a/D28445AC2C747730473D1B78BDA93CF4.png"><br><br>※题型：判断题※知识点：判断题※试题难度：中等<br>“春蚕到死丝方尽”是古人的误解.其实,蚕吐尽丝时并没有死亡,只是发育成不吃不动的卵<br>_<br>_____<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/ca50d282f2b84b03b4657da88295c950/1BF6542C45D8F9CAF60E902F8E776A20.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/ed0accb979fc45b0884e9cfda2a44061/79D9D9B0C7A2DF62DB41FE758F29B5A4.png"><br><br>※题型：判断题※知识点：判断题※试题难度：中等<br>生物体的某一性状是由一个基因控制的。<br>_<br>______<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/b861e607e9414d27b3eeadf427532428/1BF6542C45D8F9CAF60E902F8E776A20.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/de037e52343b427c929a6dd0ff84ab86/4E9B5E7187B5F5B5A39E50F9FB3E1CA0.png"><br><br>※题型：判断题※知识点：判断题※试题难度：中等<br>种子的胚是新生命的幼体,包括胚根、胚芽、胚轴、子叶、胚乳。<br>_<br>______<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/c1b54f60ed9645f7bd4ac2542b637f0a/1BF6542C45D8F9CAF60E902F8E776A20.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/2e822773d59f40dea0e228801fffbaf8/A6621F22F9879A540027A896D4B0A91A.png"><br><br>※题型：判断题※知识点：判断题※试题难度：中等<br>生命的代代相续是通过生物生殖和发育实现的。<br>_________<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/1d869291cf774e6d936c50600000e688/1571767E7D00EDF0367E5DB18F5CF334.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/52ddfa91b8b4432d9b3d861364918c16/1773BC51F886219C19ADDEA7D1F41B0A.png"><br><br>※题型：判断题※知识点：判断题※试题难度：中等<br>孩子体细胞中成对的染色体一条是父亲给的,一条是母亲给的。<br>______<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/cd93c88bea3946129ed36ff29071246b/1571767E7D00EDF0367E5DB18F5CF334.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/1a0e7ebef09d4081808901c7b92343d1/4157F2E793041CF8294DB43490FB7D63.png"><br><br>※题型：判断题※知识点：判断题※试题难度：中等<br>无性生殖的突出优点是繁殖速度快,能保持母本优良性状,后代生活力强<br>_________<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/1a7ecf3dd7f34f56939404db1d244d90/1BF6542C45D8F9CAF60E902F8E776A20.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/eb86043ca1a9452785265dc7e2fac2b6/DD749B6BC564C55E4A51FE731916017F.png"><br><br>※题型：判断题※知识点：判断题※试题难度：中等<br>“一猪生九<br>崽<br>,连母十个样”这句话描述了生物的遗传现象<br>_________<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/6fc7a491f7a1498caa601516579227cd/1BF6542C45D8F9CAF60E902F8E776A20.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/b0cb421b46f04826b9a3b8b928ecf71c/CB02410A5C9FA7D4022D4797D738285B.png"><br><br>※题型：判断题※知识点：判断题※试题难度：中等<br>同一麦穗上的麦粒,分别种在肥沃土和贫瘠土,结出麦粒前者比后者大,这是由于基因变化产生的变异。<br>_________<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/263c9e92738f40a8b9e17429a6f3ae8b/1BF6542C45D8F9CAF60E902F8E776A20.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/585432761c374a22902e640cbc635d3f/573E10D6C113CFDD46C1F17347A27F66.png"><br><br>※题型：判断题※知识点：判断题※试题难度：中等<br>雌蛙鸣叫是为了吸引雄蛙前来抱对。<br>_________<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/5926a81660cc4d2fa31ab07dcd2e5fcc/1BF6542C45D8F9CAF60E902F8E776A20.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/21805c4f1a7041ee95a18a67af002248/02B7D666F1F9F41A40C10366F7B1347B.png"><br><br>※题型：判断题※知识点：判断题※试题难度：中等<br>“腐肉生蛆”指的是苍蝇的幼虫阶段。<br>_________<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/e7b5791205e9465b963c7817c95e72b5/1571767E7D00EDF0367E5DB18F5CF334.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/58348e5ceb4241d1b165338178c9d8e3/562E7156CD3CA6C43FAC1AC49CE3C6EE.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>变态发育是指由受精卵发育成新个体的过程中,幼体与成体的<br>_______<br>和<br>_______<br>差异很大,称为变态发育。<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/0e0a365530a1428cbbb98c30601dd98f/8296342614043DA89B99B95610E8CF8A.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/7816c82465a84ffdacd44ec460e21682/9D4E7BC99F56E55F4E69EA4EF63F4912.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>基因是指具有<br>的<br>DNA<br>片段<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/3f2d5bab89ce4afab3e69e6a5009d752/9E8CD0F71A2C3FC2D2D07ED9FB30DD58.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/197c0938508d433684ccc6eaad8e0d00/F816EC1E33E968600E3E4F48806D7AC6.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>由于引起的原因不同,变异可以分为<br>和<br>.<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/48649193daf24790b35ee210b7d973b1/2E7B048F584AEFBD31A17454A33A0AE1.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/36bf6a481c034c8d89fee6a43f85c27e/23A03B9E39D030FEDBC60D7FDABCCFC1.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>两栖动物的<br>和<br>必须在水中进行,因此两栖动物离不开水<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/bf4856bc96d947f3b90a11f2fccb105d/36120F6506689DFC0AFDF2A25A2F6569.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/1d4310d278754be69e60e5a8d9656958/1D32B000086C58E5079255760F1AC84F.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>性状就是生物体<br>、<br>和<br>等特征的统称<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/d1d644eb49b748afb329da086c5d505f/77B3CFA9CAFE1ACFB3A476A5D3FD6B5B.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/39b56f23a99a41b08783cef935fc0a0c/2F44EA9C839F210AD5EED7560B231514.png"><br><br>※题型：读图填空题※知识点：读图填空题※试题难度：中等<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/23/93AA8D1D9AC4A593D04E8D10AD27DDCF.png"><br>1.如图甲乙,为常见的两种嫁接方式,甲称为,乙称为。<br>2.①是,②是,①与②结合时应使二者的紧密结合,这是嫁接的关键。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/12f157701a064ccca3e97ddeb6185369/E1477DC92546A2CFE9EAAB86721866D3.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/c112a0b048fa4e62b225014f1b082421/ACFBCCFDE5F62022E5CF9935C46653F8.png"><br><br>
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