甘肃省兰州市第四片区2018-2019学年七年级下学期期中生物试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>胚胎在发育过程中,通过_________从母体吸取氧气和养料,排出二氧化碳等代谢废物( )<br>A.胎盘 B.血管 C.子宫 D.脐带<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/13c3b8ba991d4ffab576c8d24d5dd1ef/5EB37C218D6D19EB98E791A4205997A8.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/25baf2945bb24facaa0f87124b58e518/F26302A9908CFE6F5FC24BB639F2B891.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列哪项不属于青春期发育特点( )<br>A.身高体重显著增长 B.生殖器官发育速度加快<br>C.第二性征开始发育 D.身体代谢速度逐渐减慢<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/aa308b7a5ebe4a50a418d32a923a9528/B4A95E0049EF7D88C3ABD6FDD51A35AE.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/342b202ab138419db5f1865a3dd7b89e/F37A170019E10D61B9D36C884ED26ECA.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列哪一种人不慎摔倒后,更容易发生骨折( )<br>A.小孩子 B.青年男子 C.青年女子 D.老年人<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/226c945885874306bf25ac2ce6e3d780/B4A95E0049EF7D88C3ABD6FDD51A35AE.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/17c4aaf1e91649ef8b38d78d36e82272/DF607BF84E1AACCA133464AFE65F7F20.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列营养物质中,不能为人体生命活动提供能量的是( )<br>A.糖类 B.蛋白质 C.水 D.脂肪<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/60be14e172ee4a25adfeb9151831ee04/B01B9AD1709CC523F9D63862305777A8.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/1989f9a7635f4cec8343e9573ab8a69c/40F77F427F656D26E73A8CDA7D9DCBB7.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某小组同学实验中在酒精灯上燃烧了花生种子,发现种子燃烧后会剩下一些没有烧完的物质,请问这些物质的主要成分是( )<br>A.无机盐 B.蛋白质 C.维生素 D.纤维素<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/f4f4294fa94745549fe1c301a461bf91/5EB37C218D6D19EB98E791A4205997A8.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/58662cd3bd93425e916161b98554170c/D2D56882B1DB6A2EDF2F55F0C88D9800.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列结构中都属于消化道的是( )<br>A.口腔、食道、胃 B.肝、胃、小肠<br>C.胰、小肠、大肠 D.胃、肠腺、肛门<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/abb9a06854b14150996e41a1fbc7f48b/5EB37C218D6D19EB98E791A4205997A8.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/fee3499b38f24218a255cf0c6e7df8b2/B77421495A65E35071F81CDE0251C22B.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列营养物质中,不能被人体直接吸收的是( )<br>A.葡萄糖 B.氨基酸 C.麦芽糖 D.无机盐<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/cde6cbd238f7475a87e2c4f2a4f87fce/B01B9AD1709CC523F9D63862305777A8.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/ff3f17302eea4ceba72b017f059d7dbb/10B8053E10C1755FFED24D4C8C2E6F16.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>人体各器官的结构都是与其功能相适应的,小肠是消化吸收的主要器官,下列哪项特点与其吸收营养物质无关( )<br>A.含有多种消化酶<br>B.内表面有皱襞和绒毛<br>C.绒毛内有毛细血管和毛细淋巴管<br>D.小肠绒毛壁非常薄<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/c1cad243e48844b59ed28fdaa2171b2d/5EB37C218D6D19EB98E791A4205997A8.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/f76cf5ae900949b6bf34fe40e342aeb8/3AA9F8DE532B818369177484166E946B.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某家长为处在青春期的孩子设计了一份午餐食谱:米饭、红烧牛肉、家常豆腐,你认为应该再添加下列哪项食物,使该食谱营养搭配更合理( )<br>A.鸡蛋羹 B.清炒油麦菜 C.火腿肠 D.蛋糕<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/e02efb4a79904c62bac206513764d73f/CFD11B39D2C70E3BAFF53A76B86BA12A.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/20f19a44286347b386d5f0fc7ada7b4d/C2058BDC08A5AA12F04754740C620791.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列做法中,未注意食品安全的是( )<br>A.买食品是看生产日期和保质期<br>B.用清水浸泡,冲洗水果蔬菜<br>C.吃发芽的马铃薯<br>D.买肉时看肉是否是检疫合格的<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/998948ff8dfe46d0a94eb7385f6dc0b2/B01B9AD1709CC523F9D63862305777A8.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/f5689d8329c74662ac7e840c8f4c30a5/EAED3123554CCD14BA3C380E7E7B102E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某人出现发热、咳嗽、流鼻涕等症状,去医院检查发现是呼吸道感染,请问他的血常规化验数据最有可能出现异常的项目是( )<br>A.红细胞 B.白细胞 C.血小板 D.血红蛋白<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/ee3a388688504ff7ac9c5f3a89ddaebe/CFD11B39D2C70E3BAFF53A76B86BA12A.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/b299e7d67df84392a938eb40f3a1f541/FE4BB4ECC77AB8058703ACCC3935FF72.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某人因为失血过多,需要输血抢救。验血结果,此人的红细胞与A型血清和B型血清均发生凝集反应,由此推断此人的血型为( )<br>A.A型 B.B型 C.AB型 D.O型<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2014/27bd9f2c42ab4433a4c732b3d0eb29a8/B01B9AD1709CC523F9D63862305777A8.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2014/be28706b15274b84a9330817a4f95538/F16832FA18BFD353E6AAAE9F5A2E59FE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>用显微镜观察小鱼尾鳍血液的流动,可观察到下列三种血管的血液流动情况。有关说法正确的是( )<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2015/6/23/DFD1CCBF8787DE26B2D6260AE2D998C2.png"><br>A.甲图所示的血管是动脉<br>B.乙图所示的血管是静脉<br>C.丙图所示的血管中血流速度最慢<br>D.甲图所示的血管中血流速度最快<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2015/fcbc62d435f546c19df97fc2e4bdc9b8/B01B9AD1709CC523F9D63862305777A8.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2015/fc04a2c418544402b06d7f05bfc98a30/C8973EA99758FA79888C03151A77DFA0.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>呼吸系统和消化系统共同所有的器官是( )<br>A.口腔 B.咽 C.喉 D.食道<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/9a9cece8a8be492b9803c409a1d328f0/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/9d560223e94e4ccdac15e1248f400102/479EFBA68266B7011A4A461317D50692.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某城市正积极争创文明城市,其中有一项要求市民不能随地吐痰。从生物学角度看,随地吐痰的危害主要是( )<br>A.行为不文明 B.痰中有尘粒<br>C.痰中往往会有病原微生物 D.痰中有黏液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/2dc5b62c00a84c0b853041a3991b5c60/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/99dce9d873cc4b75b5df6fb5439a8272/890FDAB518995DE20861DE442154900A.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>人的鼻腔内有丛生的鼻毛。鼻毛的作用是( )<br>A.灭菌 B.温暖空气 C.湿润空气 D.过滤空气<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2015/3ce6a2284f1443c1bd21db77e703f20e/B4A95E0049EF7D88C3ABD6FDD51A35AE.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2015/28e15737524c4e4f8ccb8aafe34ff419/73B39237475A731D6F42770AB8F157FA.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>精子和卵细胞相遇且结合的部位在<br>,精子和卵细胞结合的过程叫<br>,胚胎发育的场所是<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/1d93c2b7525e40609a117b23fddd060a/CA3BCF26C410C148E8BC50B6CD51A729.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/1dce001b23334b75a6d3a9b92bea0304/A464EFF283A79CD09324C12BFEA1A04E.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>日常的食物中含有人体所需的不同营养物质,其中米饭、面条中含有较多的<br>,瘦肉、鱼、虾中含有丰富的<br>,花生、肥肉中含有较多的<br>,蔬菜、水果中富含<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/dee19955000e4b53b9bb66704a42447b/E79073AA74740A8BC9DFCD4AC5223A23.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/c1f25de35d0e4422bf69e629e7d9e6bf/199BD68B5FFABE9F29F91F368EB92F04.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>若缺乏某种营养成分,人体的正常生长发育会受到影响,甚至引发疾病,如缺乏维生素<br>D<br>会患<br>,缺乏维生素<br>A<br>会患<br>,缺<br>会患地方性甲状腺肿。<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/8865c211d4c84a2983e5921aebc47831/F6F0693F28FEC95CC99661CEC6D93459.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/507709092d22445498f6aa0e71306dcf/6FB211F6FACE8BED46A0964E98B364F2.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>人体的消化腺包括<br>、<br>、<br>、<br>、<br>等,其中<br>分泌的消化液不含消化酶,这种消化液是<br>,它能帮助<br>的消化。<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/8f08d7ffc4f94a398c261943725eb703/2B8EC023C7FF8414C418B491138FE834.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/a58e7648e6f342cb9d17cb183bd940e6/8BFD639FD168C8E61472E0AE57735571.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>红细胞中含有红色的<br>,因而血液呈现红色,该蛋白是一种含铁的蛋白质,容易与<br>结合或分离<br>.<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/dc466ac187414956bf219f17d9ca3cf2/9BDE3C98DE891FAE2067BC10DA62F577.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/995977b533764508a994e557a3a1535c/E23FF4B3EE4AE7F979FD3FD4DFC04965.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>已知馒头的主要成分是淀粉,淀粉遇碘会变蓝色,某中学生物科技活动兴趣小组的同学,在探究“馒头在口腔内的消化”时,进行了以下实验:<br><tbody><br>试管<br>编号<br>加入馒头<br>加入液体<br>是否搅拌<br>处理温度<br>(<br>﹣<br>分钟)<br>冷却后<br>加碘液<br>馒头碎屑<br>毫升唾液<br>充分搅拌<br>℃<br>滴<br>馒头碎屑<br>A<br>充分搅拌<br>℃<br>滴<br>馒头块<br>毫升唾液<br>不搅拌<br>℃<br>滴<br></tbody><br>请回答下列问题:<br>1.1号试管在实验中的起_____________作用。<br>2.为了证明“唾液对馒头有消化作用”,在2号试管的A处应加入__________。<br>3.1号试管和3号试管对照探究的是__________。<br>4.实验结果是号试管中的物质遇到碘液不变蓝,原因是___________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/09f00375987c440fa6d601b575c51b85/F8575684258CD8E1DB9FAA1F93FD60FE.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>据图回答下列问题:<br><img1.A图表示支气管在肺内形成各级分支,并在末端形成许多________,其外缠绕着许多________(如图B),图C表示上述结构壁很薄,只由一层上皮细胞组成,这些结构特点有利于肺进行________。<br>2.呼吸时,胸廓会有节律的扩大和缩小,如图甲、乙,图甲表示________状态,图乙表示________状态,在图甲状态时,肋间肌和膈肌________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/6939f3c6c3224d78ae68047ddc6985fe/1EB194B2971CBA0D3C86A4D631553AD0.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/b56c54d5d7c74df69fb2e171f9ae61bb/A96F01009870D9BA369C375794C957C9.png"><br><br>
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