河南省洛阳市孟津县2019-2020学年七年级上学期期中生物试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列物体中属于生物的是( )<br>A.慢慢生长的钟乳石 B.疯狂传播的电脑病毒<br>C.电脑机器人“阿尔法” D.种子库中储存的种子<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/54646d04b5c14bf8b707ba61ed1246c5/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/9ec186a6a70a421aa1aa8a4ff2178988/1EDA7B54CA8555A30874048CDF51800D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>山南坡的树往往比北坡的树长的好,造成这一现象的主要非生物因素是( )<br>A.阳光和水 B.水和温度 C.温度和阳光 D.土壤和水<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/2deb71dd673044c191085f94c04985ad/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/f908f54a548f40b38ba73ad3d012e9a9/B3D12C5704E5E8234AF44696AAADCC88.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>在农业生产中,为了利于植物呼吸作用,常采取的措施是( )<br>A.大量施用有机肥 B.大量施用无机肥<br>C.大量浇水 D.耕田松土<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/cf7ef2d0eda74780a463801fd5e2e05d/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/98117fb535b746f2bf6c32215221a28b/B0B08C9E5B6040F08CA5D3B7013AD2B8.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列选项中,不能说明生物适应环境的是( )<br>A.骆驼刺的根可深入沙漠下60米<br>B.夏天的树林里空气凉爽<br>C.生活在极地的企鹅有厚厚的脂肪层<br>D.蝗虫的体色春季为绿色,秋季变为灰色<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/753f8ccf80334782afcb23b5fb7572e9/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/cfa8350065504194acf50561b1e04104/8231F53E3B2878400FB96617488B521E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列关于科学探究的叙述中,正确的是( )<br>A.实验数据应尽可能较多并取平均值<br>B.假设与实验结果必须一致<br>C.在实验中要有两个以上的变量<br>D.对照实验要控制所有的实验变量一致<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/d80de96d6537463fb9a0885abd2a9a74/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/6f5b852946f34487a7091b307167d9f9/7C5EC538F09A1BB9A3434C131A0F87E4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>使用显微镜时,对光的正确方法和顺序是( )<br>①转动转换器,使高倍镜对准通光孔;②左眼注视目镜,右眼睁开;③调节反光镜,看到白亮的视野;④转动转换器,视低倍镜对准通光孔。A.①②③ B.④②③ C.②④③ D.②①③<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/db46f66a8e0f405b979be3cfff3fe1bd/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/7e9b2c70c94441648d16b964f3c53b0a/F5BB807B10ECCD7A393DBDD0DBFA74B2.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>当你发现显微镜镜头不清洁时,除去污物的正确方法是( )<br>A.用纸巾擦 B.用纱布擦 C.用擦镜纸擦 D.用抹布擦<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/5cadbba7ed5b44dba73fe21ead60ab6e/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/8fc67e6ec4004ec9b65fba3bcf7053c2/BCE7836384C7EB869960CEEFC9B40A08.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某同学用显微镜观察他自己制作的临时装片,结果看到的细胞一部分清晰,一部分模糊,这可能是( )<br>A.反光镜未调好 B.显微镜物镜是坏的<br>C.细准焦螺旋没调好 D.标本做得厚薄不均<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/dc872d84308643c1932221e0ce587149/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/bcee450502694d77ac480377ee7bfb6d/6B96AF10DB59749D740F8D78B732F3E0.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>用同一台显微镜观察同一标本,通过更换目镜、物镜和调节细准焦螺旋后,在视野中分别看到了下列图象。其中视野最暗的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/26/5DEEA9609A90F6A5390E8E0288EA8A1D.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/26/7FEE19DD77752C0E34F9E64A91A2B7E9.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/26/5A2D309C738E6252DFD608BD0D3CA4BB.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/26/815377F437171C326A953AF305852FED.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/cb1dbf91ee8c4ba3bee53485d824925a/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/aaf0f5f4440d41edb4fac890db8e6d2a/04F7D65ED791D6CB132FFFCC65E32383.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>在利用显微镜观察细胞的实验中,当换用高倍镜后,视野中的细胞数目,细胞体积和视野亮度依次有什么变化?( )<br>①变多②变少③变大④变小⑤变亮⑥变暗A.②③⑥ B.②④⑥ C.①④⑤ D.①③⑤<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/de3450dba7254082bb7fa63d5ed4bafd/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/4d82b4d964584e7eb02f885728c13361/BBB55C78B7B0F231F5086F0C0B1888C8.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>2019年的北京世界园艺博览会中,有1200多种植物与游客见面。各种植物多姿多彩,花色繁多。决定这些植物花瓣颜色的遗传物质主要存在于细胞的_____中( )<br>A.细胞核 B.细胞质 C.细胞膜 D.液泡<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/ca3e1ec6ca7f442ca7d2123e7cafe253/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/7bf79d1837d84dc0bdba4a7f9313f57b/C0119EB9091745C2B3CC598EBAAE19A9.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>关于使用显微镜观察洋葱表皮细胞临时装片的实验操作,下列哪一项说法不正确( )<br>A.临时装片的盖玻片下有气泡看不清物像,可以转动细准焦螺旋使物像更清晰<br>B.转动粗准焦螺旋使镜筒下降时,要从侧面注视物镜,直到物镜接近装片<br>C.显微镜视野中的物像偏左下方,要使物像移动到中央,应向左下方移动装片<br>D.显微镜视野中光线太暗时,可以转动反光镜选择凹面镜<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/c579c89447cc4b489c8815f7c3034eec/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/e8beb9bb246d4affa65e5406e5273214/6D723614EA2B41AAEEAAE880D0AB02D4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>孟津梨是我县的知名特产,酥脆多汁,酸甜可口,这些酸甜的汁液存在细胞的_____中( )<br>A.细胞膜 B.叶绿体 C.液泡 D.细胞核<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/81bf9e920f4b4e569b12436197c4a7cc/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/a0ac953c0f254b0ea33e873a7ce94ea9/CF6EC0209D73AA308CAD0CFC921491E4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某同学在观察口腔上皮细胞临时装片时,发现视野中的细胞有重叠现象,不宜观察。此时,他可采取的方法是( )<br>A.换用高倍目镜或物镜重新观察<br>B.移动装片,寻找合适的观察视野<br>C.选用较小的光圈和平面反光镜<br>D.换凹面镜并稍微调节细准焦螺旋<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/089e547ab05846e499eb1e7cb22becc8/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/6e8a1036ffdd414d9a54453548d50a09/41C4FBF8CABCC5BC909C1A51329100CD.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>小金用普通光学显微镜观察下列细胞,其中描述正确的一项是( )<br>A.在洋葱鳞片叶内表皮细胞中观察到叶绿体<br>B.观察到人口腔上皮细胞的形状有圆形、多边形、圆柱状等<br>C.在紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞中观察到淡紫色的淀粉分子<br>D.在紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞中观察到细胞壁<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/d3ebe2ad7e7e4a6f8d941b9478adddce/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/65f8467ed5b343d78382a51595324075/D58B439279CDCF088AC55E560FA71D09.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图是某同学在实验过程中的某一操作步骤,该操作的作用是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/26/C1AC3A0FD1A2E5DA8915945C3B11C351.png"><br>①用吸水纸吸取过多的水,防止盖玻片漂浮②用吸水纸吸水,有利于排除盖玻片下的气泡③用吸水纸吸水,有利于让染色剂给细胞染色A.① B.①② C.②③ D.①②③<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/60bb6a822b324113a0666bd0b2df6d04/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/96643cc097db41e6a500553fee3202e3/756226613C8AC58D3C2C5C8BCFAF8E0C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>为提高移栽树木的成活率,农技人员给树木打“点滴”,请问吊袋里的液体是通过植物的哪一结构进入植物体的( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/26/1005903F29657006BC90010C007EC1DF.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/26/06D32FD6E73FA36F805D78369F83AFA8.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/26/C17403B11E85ABA9148C95FB989C1607.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/26/C67DA613046FF8044BC354DAB107E5E8.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/dde304ce46ca469ba9efc775a5fc0356/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/f542439f97d649d199e5ba5475fad5e7/6DE94C42B63BED4D07A9708128C5DFFA.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>人体是由细胞、组织、器官、系统组成的统一整体,下列能正确反映四个概念关系的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/26/ECD428A521BFAF89B7602127C51314D3.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/26/86F5FD6FC6FA6C4962E2AF281FB57DCD.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/26/972F4B162D0DF3AEF51A7FE168303D2A.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/26/40A920129E64C7D4A10BAD2EC24230C8.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/e5d4e3853aa5476b89567065c721cdbe/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/66f0ff9e6f354206bf26e65e352d2676/103B7F238BF7E9111BB6321AD25ACC1F.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列食物中,我们通常食用的部分属于生殖器官的是( )<br>A.马铃薯 B.苹果 C.白菜 D.萝卜<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/ef0eb8b7f99349a981cd401ca7966a50/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/24f784bad0b64b6eb9edfe74e02cf316/E8A5FF2B19DE416F48D37775F986D448.png"><br><br>※题型：读图填空题※知识点：读图填空题※试题难度：中等<br>如图<br>是小<br>明同学<br>在观察“洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞”和“人口腔上皮细胞”装片时用到的显微镜和观察到的<br>图象<br>请据图<br>回答:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/26/D7C0DFDC875B6F9054A98D734CE98E38.png"><br>1.观察洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞时,不易看到的结构是,洋葱中味道辛辣的物质在细胞的中。<br>2.小明发现视野中的物象不够清晰,他需要调节图1中的[]。<br>3.观察人口腔上皮细胞时,小明发现口腔上皮细胞颜色较浅,他可以调节[],使视野变(填“亮”或“暗”)些。<br>4.在观察过程中发现有个污点,转动目镜和移动玻片标本,视野中的污点都没有被移走,那么你判定污点可能是在[]上。<br>5.如图2为光学显微镜的一组镜头,要观察到尽可能多的细胞数目,目镜与物镜的组合应是和。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/26/DF99F63222DA730FE2E9836117F12E73.png"><br>6.与洋葱表皮细胞相比,人口腔上皮细胞不具有的结构是。A.细胞壁和液泡 B.细胞壁和叶绿体 C.液泡和叶绿体 D.细胞壁、液泡和叶绿体7.小明平时习惯右手书写,他下列对光和观察时的操作方法正确的是。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/26/E048D3DD1078286C2B1847A861AA9827.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/3a8fb3660a2f4fc0ac0e9c51fa0084a3/89D4CBC641FA2BAC76FD3DD776F3D101.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/8c2a3e90353547768ec727c308ac9e24/823BD60C981F0C7C2457525A154A3733.png"><br><br>
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