甘肃省定西市渭源县2018-2019学年七年级下学期期中生物试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>人类祖先与猿分界的重要标志是( )<br>A.能直立行走 B.会使用工具 C.产生了语言 D.脑容量增加<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/02fc2473234341e7940c2dbaa886c420/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/cc575f44aea2414aa27e0a9cad237a34/42E39BF50193075552668219E2591200.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>古代宫廷中的太监不长胡须、声音尖细,主要割去哪一生殖器官?( )<br>A.睾丸 B.阴茎 C.附睾 D.阴囊<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/ee5af4a099134ac793e83bee28d1d221/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/87d499ed64474742b6d52822e5eacf35/0F171F614C4E1BDE9BE46D01434D8B07.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列胎儿获得营养物质的途径中,正确的是( )<br>A.脐带→胎盘→母体→胎儿<br>B.母体→胎盘→脐带→胎儿<br>C.胎盘→脐带→母体→胎儿<br>D.母体→脐带→胎盘→胎儿<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/a47c0e4d75f54ba9acd1883069b14603/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/9d19d145dc25464e86a719fa1b876d5b/E6A491F038F59D3DCAE91E7D5DDDC2B6.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列对青春期特征的描述,不正确的是( )<br>A.心肺等器官的功能明显增强<br>B.身高突增<br>C.男孩出现遗精,女孩会来月经<br>D.男孩往往比女孩更早进入青春期<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/3e742f8d65a8404b88836b0a5040dc82/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/4cc72445c04a45659e7bd558c1e1e7b1/7D4FDB0C1C3D6AAA791E5DF169F26B5C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>构成人体细胞的主要成分中含量最多物质和人体细胞的基本物质分别是( )<br>A.水、维生素 B.脂肪、蛋白质<br>C.水、蛋白质 D.蛋白质、水<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/cf8d9e2750be4728917399fbcd97ce26/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/87124a5bd454455ea2a51dc3496c1a8b/270B30D16CB926CDC7B6E1E85CF99606.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>小明刷牙时牙龈出血,你建议他平时应多补充( )<br>A.牛奶、鸡蛋 B.蔬菜水果 C.面食、米饭 D.鸡鱼肉等<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/dae35a894012435cbb3460c0aa72c665/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/2399e08430e74056b84d17086b630354/326587B96EDCEAD18484C70CF763D8F8.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>牛奶中含有适量的钙,但吃牛奶的小孩不乏佝偻病患者,其原因可能是缺乏( )<br>A.维生素A B.维生素C C.维生素D D.铁<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/a7e045d3a27943f2b2d8681e5ae65f03/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/d8e247d7806b44a9ab74aa064c2ea469/66EB032502A8936F9ED1BF0146B2F2A1.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列食物不能被消化道直接吸收的是( )<br>A.鱼肝油 B.矿泉水 C.面包 D.食盐<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/ecdd6423555844f9af8e61e43e9469d9/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/316376d97fa5475387e1c32147f889bc/1FFD260F116E94D39D62362F4DB0A9FF.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>吃饭时不能说笑的原因是( )<br>A.流经消化器官的血流量减少<br>B.食物易从咽误入气管<br>C.消化腺的分泌能力下降<br>D.肺内压小于大气压<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/adf12871046843bab32c56ddd383a669/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/897e497f15da4a99ae84520b53131279/05F3FC8A546F0308D40234C2CE5E796D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列人类的疾病中,都是由于营养缺乏而引起的一组是( )<br>A.贫血、夜盲症、脚气病<br>B.龋齿、沙眼、肺结核<br>C.近视、坏血病、佝偻病<br>D.糖尿病、呆小症、侏儒症<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/d02637207b464ec3a0ece4340ba9dcc5/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/a9d31cb94f8b4bb7af2984162c720159/1CC1F4BDE873E765C69BF8BE5178889D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列结构中,与小肠的吸收功能无关的是( )<br>A.小肠粘膜有皱襞和小肠绒毛<br>B.小肠绒毛内有毛细血管和毛细淋巴管<br>C.小肠绒毛壁薄,上有微绒毛<br>D.小肠内有肠腺,能分泌多种消化酶<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/a8c48a21471643df83d251d7f11f9d86/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/f73436c31c1f441e876e57c8fd2c2a39/8056B5309B6F50EE9D59E7FA606CEBC6.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>为解决食品安全问题,我国正在加快发展绿色食品。绿色食品要求( )<br>①产品原料的产地符合环境质量标准<br>②产品原料的过程符合生产技术标准<br>③产品的原料必须是绿色植物<br>④产品的加工、包装和储运符合国家相关标准A.①②③ B.①②④ C.②③④ D.①③④<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/a001e38250cc4215a23d23217f0c8065/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/39718f1eb1b343d3867713ea98d7c651/2DB9B2495B786606A08C014FF24EE52C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>人体呼吸系统由什么组成( )<br>A.鼻腔、气管和肺 B.气管、支气管和肺<br>C.呼吸道和肺 D.气管和肺<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/b3e1d079e9974a4abc9d4e09d1e7bfa1/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/88462d0651be4a4ba8331aa8ecc08782/3FA4BFF5284D0033CBA22A7879BC98CC.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列那项不是呼吸道的主要功能( )<br>A.清洁空气 B.湿润空气 C.温暖空气 D.产生嗅觉<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/cbffcd3ac8ec4c12ab755f9effb82ec6/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/6a25246639d0489c9fa9c1d22776478f/E7604F0632869C3F980EC8DFB82D5A83.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>我们每天要呼吸两万多次,呼吸时吸入的氧的最终去向是( )<br>A.到血液处与血液中的血红蛋白结合<br>B.到组织细胞处交换二氧化碳<br>C.构成细胞<br>D.到组织细胞处分解有机物,释放能量<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/1e238a7801c642919cfb2cb329a70c49/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/eef78cdf47644463b3cda69bea03210d/AD74D4BD2431DB1753C80F2F77110070.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>人呼出的气体和吸入的气体相比,含量有明显变化的是( )<br>A.氧、二氧化碳 B.氮气、二氧化碳<br>C.氮气、氧气 D.氮气、水蒸气<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/45b0d22eae404317aaed304887baa891/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/09015625d3ef443294969c45b981f97d/9CC9981593E7C3F8143DF78C0F19F139.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>吸气时,胸廓扩大,此时肋骨和膈顶部的状态分别是( )<br>A.向下下降 B.向下上升 C.向上上升 D.向上下降<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/59dc013770cd49f4b8043563ee2fea93/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/51d4aabaaab74cfbae01f2d6e3ee2887/C106B25DE3FFDF32900D05BBF15C9811.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>人体成熟的血细胞中,不具有细胞核的一组是( )<br>A.红细胞和白细胞 B.红细胞和血小板<br>C.白细胞和血小板 D.白细胞、红细胞、血小板<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/a03d75695c6d422aab5ec856eebcd047/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/d83696ab5952433cb4f07aa19ed9f8db/E9B6B834F7A1167CE655BF2C2A39FE9A.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>患急性肺炎的病人验血,往往会出现的现象是( )<br>A.白细胞增多 B.红细胞增多<br>C.血小板减少 D.血红蛋白增多<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/0fec1bf5a4204ff588b98e5b3725f4e5/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/e152f2cbf6be4fd6bcc6abd19f99d09a/B5523341738996B4E6190A07CE49BB7E.png"><br><br>※题型：多选题※知识点：多选题※试题难度：中等<br>肺泡中的氧气进入血液,需要穿过几层细胞( )<br>A.1层 B.2层 C.3层 D.4层<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/692dfa9d013b45be9b664d506ad3f293/D18D4D13EAB1C5050787CC6EDF970E13.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/d5f57296814843b7b4c1e26d8aac87d0/CD45A0BE24083F51CAF90FBDEFD18E0C.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>人生命的起点是从<br>开始的;人类与类人猿的共同祖先是<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/5eecd5e3ee5f4ea39001f7cfda3342d6/A00AC9AE5C2C0CF22D1D10116E294F99.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/3b2290fdf78745ef92fa9a079f2cfb2d/692E7C1C190802A566265C6F9DFF5010.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>营养物质通过消化道壁进入<br>的过程叫做<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/e242ad20af8649d6b478d65f9e11d84b/4F635924A82A13C9CCF82E7CAD54A376.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/18259dc7d4df4256ad389ebbeb798308/01E6BF8B07362963B50CD92B31587546.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>参与消化蛋白质的消化液有<br>、<br>和<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/1d543f5693a6451aaccbc28f80d1ecaf/693B40C1E6CE1530CC72701B90BEB5EE.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/6aee45c691164e41924e389941b1281a/B474A91B0163E2316EB967BF1CE73688.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>人体中消化和吸收的主要器官是<br>;血液是由<br>和<br>组成。<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/9630656299ce49dd80443e072866e9bb/9E884FA37E7FF84D1F97B5C035F778D3.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/602bc68cfc9640b895aa50452d4ad370/93494C7399899A805DA682F212F9FE96.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>呼吸的主要器官是<br>;参与呼吸的肌肉主要包括<br>和<br>。人体内氧含量最多的是<br>,二氧化碳最终来自<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/acde9f6689554624b9c08f1125f60ab4/76BF9551AB38C08833535DAAB52BF477.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/ac0e9366370243cc9b531072a4ab7795/7507B6EE6B4FDFE54C326DCD992D1F57.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>下表是<br>“<br>馒头在口腔中的变化<br>”<br>的探究实验,<br>请据表回答<br>问题:<br><tbody><br>试管编号<br>加入的物质<br>搅拌<br>保温<br>加碘液<br>现象<br>馒头<br>+<br>唾液<br>2mL<br>充分搅拌<br>37℃<br>水浴<br>10<br>分钟<br>滴<br>①<br>______<br>馒头<br>+<br>清水<br>2mL<br>充分搅拌<br>37℃<br>水浴<br>10<br>分钟<br>滴<br>②<br>______<br>馒头<br>+<br>唾液<br>2mL<br>不搅拌<br>37℃<br>水浴<br>10<br>分钟<br>滴<br>③<br>______<br></tbody><br>1.请在表格中填写“现象”。(变蓝或不变蓝)<br>①;②;③。2.该实验的对照组是号。以“唾液”为变量时,应选取两组作对照。<br>3.若以1和3为一组,则实验探究的问题是。<br>4.理论上加入碘液后变蓝色的是号试管,淀粉被彻底分解的是号试管。<br>5.除口腔外,淀粉的消化分解还可在内进行,并最终分解成。<br>6.实验结论:馒头变甜与、以及的分泌都有关。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/12693cc9c0f74e2bbd2a0b25be7640ec/196472965B0C625CE0D3B4CF942E857C.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/0b152d45828f4f7d9952aada976c0e8f/4FC5BFFB7C8A150FF9744D471A9720C0.png"><br><br>※题型：读图填空题※知识点：读图填空题※试题难度：中等<br>人的<br>呼吸组<br>图。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/23/1E9DABC27E8A94E84AAFAD1E12AAC8A7.png"><br>1.图甲表示人体呼吸时,膈的不同活动状态,请据图回答(填字母)。肺内气压最大的状态是。膈收缩最紧张的状态是。<br>2.图乙是模拟膈肌运动的实验装置及实验过程。请回答:①实验装置中,序号分别模拟人体的①,②,③。②图1模拟的是人体在时膈肌所处的运动状态,此时由于膈肌,胸廓的容积,肺内气压外界气压。③若用此实验装置探究人体吸气和呼气的原理,则此实验装置还存在不足,因为它无法模拟胸廓左右径和径的变化。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/887f51cec71b4d8598f4098b0f0bc11b/3F20F7868C1EEB7EBFB97FEFD46868AE.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/cdbee7ed119a4e46989bf4d85448e19f/AFAA9FE9C127B83BFD35819049A170B5.png"><br><br>※题型：读图填空题※知识点：读图填空题※试题难度：中等<br>如图为<br>“<br>观察小鱼尾鳍<br>”<br>及三种血管关系示意图,请回答:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/23/8D8214087F5C6AF48EFAED373EF64A50.png"><br>1.图一中,为了便于观察,应选取尾鳍含少的活小鱼。<br>2.将的棉絮包裹小鱼的鳃盖和躯干部,并应不断往棉絮上滴加,目的是。<br>3.写出图二中所示血管名称:①,②,③。<br>4.血液在标号处流动最快,红细胞在标号②所示血管内呈通过,该血管管壁,只由层扁平上皮细胞构成,管内血流速度最。这些特点便于血液与组织细胞进行。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/1ad322eaa35b40979b0ca6bc3181c785/B06B8152BBA405B87AF2FE816F715BCF.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/6d5a43a2ab3c407dac8b8a922d7ead76/FBEFCC084AA83E508F44CA22816F00E2.png"><br><br>※题型：连线题※知识点：连线题※试题难度：中等<br>请将下列结构和它相对应的功能用线连接起来。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/23/18073356D2EEB235526438D1269D87D1.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/f2a220fa5fff4ed8bc526a2107664587/ADA17EEEEE5644B89BA973F34D319B93.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/aa5ec5df29734f51a8b9d9732a7bd228/ED770EA577EF6D65A2FD166AC9090F40.png"><br><br>※题型：读图填空题※知识点：读图填空题※试题难度：中等<br>根据消化系统模式图回答问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/23/B5148F7DCC6E19A41F35E2817BACAF41.png"><br>1.我们的消化系统是由和组成;<br>2.人体最大的消化腺是[④],它能分泌,其中不含,但它可帮助脂肪消化。<br>3.蛋白质开始消化的部位是[③];最终被分解为。脂肪开始消化的部位是[⑥]。<br>4.小肠内有、和等多种消化液。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/9f201d4a8b25477b93ca600510087a42/21BBD38DD4985E5B07C2C40584206820.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/6337b19226c34a1aa1eab51d03dfcdff/73BC5CE127DDDB3F594EC8D4D3F3F75E.png"><br><br>※题型：读图填空题※知识点：读图填空题※试题难度：中等<br>如图表示人的受精及胚胎发育过程,<br>请据图<br>回答。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/23/5DCA72C5B35ABBABEF2732EFD73ADAE2.png"><br>1.A是,B是,C是。D表示过程。此过程的场所在。<br>2.胚泡附着在内膜上,此时称为。<br>3.胚胎发育的主要场所是,通过和脐带从母体获得营养。<br>4.从形成受精卵开始到第周时,胎儿发育成熟。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/a9ad092f68864c929c3d4fd51e5a5691/4892ADFDF5105279FBD9A9E30675DB5C.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/30236d7ec64e4c4896588fbc6e9b010a/90168DF21C3F20BB07D632ED1E447355.png"><br><br>
页:
[1]