admins 发表于 2021-8-18 22:36:06

天津市北辰区2018-2019学年八年级下学期期中生物试卷

※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列几种生物中,不具有细胞结构的是(&nbsp;)<br>A.酵母菌&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.草履虫&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.噬菌体&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.衣藻<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/e4eb15685b624d8fb7b2cb1134551dbe/B01B9AD1709CC523F9D63862305777A8.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/651ef7fd585b46d1b37768d92ece6f60/CD1C94867EDF877DD88066E3FFC022F7.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列某生态系统的组成成分中,属于消费者的是(&nbsp;)<br>A.阳光&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.野兔&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.牧草&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.细菌<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/137a185b9c8c485bae2ff888fb1f5785/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/81aef67b913c430b91d3b17a47691c3c/70935C42931A29C01A7BB5261C2045C7.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>常喝牛奶可有效防治骨质疏松症,原因是其含有丰富的(&nbsp;)<br>A.钙&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.碘&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.糖类&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.膳食纤维<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/f78640231a634ba49b5aa1860455630c/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/0325396b7dd244999e91727d7a1932c1/E888ED77AE88BD1BEB1CC9CB342242F7.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>如图为肺的内部结构示意图,图中所示肺泡外包围着毛细血管,肺泡壁和毛细血管壁都很薄,由一层上皮细胞构成,这有利于(&nbsp;)<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/16/1E522920BCE5D2011FD9C56F62C31C26.png"><br>A.气体在血液中的运输<br>B.肺泡与血液间的气体交换<br>C.血液与组织细胞间的气体交换<br>D.肺与外界的气体交换<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/647c6ef938e54e62aff2b231916c066f/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/f1e38a6d8fe945908f89d372cee634fd/19AD1188DDD9751FD6347A780CBB5D0D.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>一般情况下,人体患急性炎症时,下列哪项指标会升高(&nbsp;)<br>A.红细胞&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.白细胞&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.血小板&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.血红蛋白<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/2a1e0759e5e64270bfa65a7897d24286/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/2c8966a06643444fbbfa68c638983ef5/37CF8A855AF19D5B65E938F06B9ABA63.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>动物的结构总是与其功能相适应,下列叙述错误的是(&nbsp;)<br>A.蛔虫体表包裹着一层角质层,起到保护作用<br>B.家鸽的肺和气囊相通,气囊是家鸽体内进行气体交换的场所<br>C.蝗虫体表有坚韧的外骨骼,能防止体内水分蒸发<br>D.家兔有门齿和臼齿的分化,提高了摄取食物的能力<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/8af19f5e67bb4149b18553284023b912/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/1127aac6843f4909bd062ef1177b269d/8B1B4091A78E83314ABBE0C710A42EBD.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列动物属于环节动物的是(&nbsp;)<br>A.蛔虫&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.蚯蚓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.小麦线虫&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.丝虫<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/cf415672cb6a4c14893f0afbffa49548/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/51110be64ace45659b96e950fdbc23c8/84373D0CB6C8500A66D7B971AA40171D.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>以下关于胎生、哺乳的叙述,不正确的是(&nbsp;)<br>A.绝大多数哺乳动物以胎生的方式繁殖后代<br>B.哺乳为幼仔成长提供优越的营养条件<br>C.胎生、哺乳大大降低了幼仔的死亡率<br>D.胎生提高了哺乳动物的产仔率<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/cfc8eeb9661b4fd7921cedc9c5bf0cdb/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/b1fd197795904b0cadb9251d068fc532/410FF0DF1E6DCD7DEAAE519D6878B0B1.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列属于动物的学习行为的是(&nbsp;)<br>A.蜘蛛结网&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.黑猩猩钓取白蚁<br>C.失去雏鸟的红雀喂鱼&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.菜粉蝶吃十字花科植物<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/0135105f0b564f9e94341e39cc90826b/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/a902d3a4faf34299acecb2e4ed24dcc0/B5EA3968CCFE45222DD4DA3F09C2E90A.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>能使鲜牛奶变成日常饮用的酸奶的生物是(&nbsp;)<br>A.酵母菌&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.枯草杆菌&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.乳酸菌&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.青霉<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/74b3cd587c434a6d89a8f8032048e9f7/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/9906cf4c801943eda2eb0426edb0d368/BB73514CBFB5EEF9A2BB63FF9CD54342.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列不属于相对性状的是(&nbsp;)<br>A.兔的长毛与白毛&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.人的有耳垂与无耳垂<br>C.豌豆的高茎与矮茎&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.水稻的抗病与不抗病<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/130f57a584f24507aacc559a05cd72c7/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/16e448bd5c2245bcb22090b9a913ce65/82068D34C5D2CBEA60325A3E58905ADB.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列属于非特异性免疫的是(&nbsp;)<br>A.流感病毒抗体抵抗流感病毒<br>B.水痘病毒抗体能杀死水痘病毒<br>C.溶菌酶能杀死许多病菌<br>D.乙肝病毒抗体抵抗乙肝病毒<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/43185eacbbad42fc890255ddf652d12b/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/0146e9a6f33848a28a593cdef84457ca/EF4EACF8A763F2E24B4CCB14B72612DA.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>某同学探究酒精对水蚤心率的影响,实验结果如下。下列分析正确的是(&nbsp;)<br><tbody><br>酒精浓度<br>0(清水)<br>0.25%<br>1%<br>10%<br>20%<br>每10秒水蚤心跳次数(平均值)<br>35<br>45<br>30<br>23<br>死亡<br></tbody><br>A.水蚤心率随酒精浓度升高而升高<br>B.酒精浓度对水蚤心率没有影响<br>C.酒精浓度太高会导致水蚤死亡<br>D.水蚤心率随酒精浓度降低而降低<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/b49efba07ded4f4ab14ecdb4893312fc/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/d9bfc9490c9a4dc28632ccda7ca2a09b/ED8609E5A7F6C8CCA7515D62976285FE.png"><br><br>※题型:读图填空题※知识点:读图填空题※试题难度:中等<br>如图是细胞模式图,请根据图示回答问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/16/A2ED49042353D6D6C67D17646248657F.png"><br>1.甲图是细胞模式图,细胞最外层①是。<br>2.②是,控制着物质的进出,④是,其中储存着遗传信息。<br>3.③能通过作用制造有机物,西瓜甘甜可口,主要是因为[]内的细胞液中含有大量糖分。<br>4.图中能进行呼吸作用的能量转换器是[]。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/a6f5234a45bc497c9a28b5c3e90a1442/F71AA210845A493D571B06A63B5221BD.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/8c16e3e26ff24cca9ba9b44be3c6ab0a/8E82537524B761474C410211F2025D8A.png"><br><br>※题型:实验题※知识点:实验题※试题难度:中等<br>请根据如图所示显微镜实验回答:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/16/593C34FB81FE440E68B6F5BD1269E4F3.png"><br>1.使用显微镜对光的过程中,转动[③],使光线通过通光孔反射到镜筒内,通过可以看到白亮的圆形视野。<br>2.在观察过程中,若要使显微镜视野中的物像从上方移至中央,玻片标本应向方移动。<br>3.观察草履虫时,要使观察到的物像更加清晰,应该调节准焦螺旋。<br>4.若选用的目镜5×、物镜10×的镜头组合,则此时显微镜的放大倍数是倍。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/c9895563bc1441809159e3cdec6d4fd9/E4011E333CD5BC74C56E03F438329CCB.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/d2a8664569b0422081a5cf74b8e02a39/A8B05D4182D19A4D2090762BDB0FE8A4.png"><br><br>※题型:读图填空题※知识点:读图填空题※试题难度:中等<br>根据如图生态系统,请回答下列问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/16/513F0EC6656217E4DA28B7E305A92376.png"><br>1.此图中的生产者是。<br>2.此图中含有条食物链,它们交错连接形成了。<br>3.图中的狐和鼠之间是关系。<br>4.在一般情况下,生态系统中各种生物的数量和所占的比例是相对稳定的,这说明生态系统具有一定的能力。<br>5.此图中最短的一条食物链可表示为。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/bc5ac34e51dd4d7395ee50a786fd0181/B88CBECFACCC0CB0D88A118B62B28CF3.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/a93ddb8e2dc647109b70e3315a282afe/7BCE1B60E1920741F03F839E1FDC87AE.png"><br><br>※题型:读图填空题※知识点:读图填空题※试题难度:中等<br>请根据鸟的形态结构示意图回答。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/16/1FAC7D3DB649D39D1F9B28B05BCD6EE7.png"><br>1.鸟有许多适于飞行的特点:身体呈流线型,可减少飞行中空气的阻力,体表覆;前肢变成翼;肌发达,可牵动两翼完成飞行动作。<br>2.鸟的呼吸作用旺盛,有气囊辅助呼吸。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/b802a50db33843ed845465495e7b138c/650C6272CBF07DB04C507B918475C1DC.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/2be2dcb6bb9c41b4a32922cc382dbc0c/08DA2D838CC4082B8E05015D267CE207.png"><br><br>※题型:读图填空题※知识点:读图填空题※试题难度:中等<br>观察经过整理后的人成对染色体排序图,请回答:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/16/5C5BF5DCEEB5A7376BB09DFBF44B14E0.png"><br>1.如图是(填男或女)成对染色体排序图,其性染色体组成是。染色体是由和两种物质组成。<br>2.如果一对夫妇面颊上都无酒窝,他们生育了一个有酒窝的孩子,这是生物的现象。<br>3.已知能卷舌和不能卷舌是一对相对性状,决定能卷舌的基因(A)是显性基因,决定不能卷舌的基因(a)是隐性基因,一对能卷舌的夫妇生育了一个不能卷舌的孩子,那么这个孩子的基因组成是,父亲的基因组成是。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/041315e2ab684846905686fb71768b90/F43023D296D0654675BAA68FD43FCF9C.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/9386553ac9b34c099137be69c72ce893/D06FB4AEA2BF03AFEE17B1EEA04E4B2C.png"><br><br>
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