江西省南昌市2018-2019学年八年级上学期期末生物试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>喝剩的葡萄酒放置一段时间后酒会变酸,这主要是哪种微生物发酵引起的( )<br>A.乳酸菌 B.甲烷菌 C.醋酸菌 D.酵母菌<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/500307f3dcad445f9cef4f080d18ff2b/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/7a4c5ed543194dc9a13a6b1e6421159c/C894E5F35FA8BBA2F8CF33C45791A3C4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列现象与活动,与真菌无关的是( )<br>A.制作豆腐乳 B.发面蒸馒头<br>C.脏衣服受潮发霉 D.幼儿患手足口病<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/663f99e527254558b74aa8609b0e63b3/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/5f6bae18135b4a49bd88829454dc7344/BAEDFF1EAC76B6FB641EE47D19D545E7.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>生物分类的最基本单位是( )<br>A.门 B.纲 C.科 D.种<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/2bbddffd2d68445ca4bc37980a7605cb/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/e8fe3df6b4d7471b83f615d774d9f1b4/C3EC41B6755E804D48724E00A1B34AFE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>制作过程中,下列食品不需要经过发酵的是( )<br>A.酱油 B.醋 C.麻油 D.啤酒<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/92ff7e401c4a4bee970b8fb0bf1159bc/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/ed00f531b4ac49a6a7201b7714ff33a5/32636DE8215A9A0B1D89DB199BF1EF18.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>在冷藏的条件下,水果的保鲜时间长,对这种现象的解释不正确的是( )<br>A.温度降低,抑制微生物的繁殖<br>B.温度降低,水果呼吸作用比较弱<br>C.温度降低,水果散失水分比较少<br>D.温度降低,微生物根本不能生活<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/e168262f2f03439899fae119a4f324ae/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/8e5eb9da08a347d3964ebb1c995f645b/3763460D491DF9BAECE25BEE714B5EF9.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列内容不属于细菌菌落特征的是( )<br>A.菌落比较小 B.表面光滑、粘稠<br>C.绒毛状 D.粗糙干燥<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/3aa2170b100d4c99ab13499a6837ad78/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/913ac90ffefd439d81473cc76643b025/2F93A5E285B01DB48525FB0C1DABB570.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>在农田土壤的表层自生固氮菌较多。用表层土制成的稀泥浆接种到特制的培养基上培养,可将自生固氮菌与其他细菌分开,对培养基的要求是( )<br>①加抗生素②不加抗生素③加氮素④不加氮素⑤加葡萄糖⑥不加葡萄糖⑦37℃恒温箱中培养⑧28~30℃恒温箱中培养A.①③⑤⑦ B.②④⑥⑧ C.②④⑤⑧ D.②④⑥⑦<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/334c701e5bea49a6bedfc080248da72b/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/b27821ca9b634fc1a2dd57882fa08398/44B161A5148EBAF3394C2FD0C2F8B510.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>我国特有的珍稀动物中,属淡水中哺乳动物的是( )<br>A.金丝猴 B.白鳍豚 C.扬子鳄 D.朱鹃<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/74d09226f0474852a2b6cbb551e1caa9/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/6e8e848923d0423aab477581b7beb8a4/DD8ACA75DBC74CB1E0BEABF723C8D563.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>以鹅颈瓶实验证明细菌不是自然发生的“微生物之父”是( ) <img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/5/15/660ADE94718AF25D50388A575835EA4D.jpeg"><br>A.奥地利科学家孟德尔 B.英国科学家达尔文<br>C.法国科学家巴斯德 D.瑞典科学家林奈<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/deb0536f3a0c412f8289bf139ef38d0f/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/9dffec622c2a449f89b710ce0bcae1d2/76FBCADBD408C0285E81C0E43AD51C22.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>细菌和真菌的生活必须需要( )<br>①氧气②水③有机物④适宜的温度A.①② B.③④ C.②③④ D.①②③④<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/17ec7b5b606d427189de60097e7c16c5/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/0669c6c9d05040b2aeabb5348ac8c688/0C44502C1DDCB771501AB38F3E38629E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列选项中生物共同特征较多的是( )<br>A.种子植物门 B.蔷薇目<br>C.百合科 D.单子叶植物纲<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/e69924aeb1234784b56bf4d114798808/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/17ac588b8c3042d8aa098b9e6c550f23/EFF27C4C8C3FC4C0073762B27C842D3E.png"><br><br>※题型：判断题※知识点：判断题※试题难度：中等<br>芽孢和孢子都是生殖细胞。<br>(判断对错)<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/8ddb66be3fc44ddd90b1a100f4335882/1BF6542C45D8F9CAF60E902F8E776A20.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/d5a85797cb1e459b85ae7df019d2ea04/C9110420870E64A96E73930A5F0E755F.png"><br><br>※题型：判断题※知识点：判断题※试题难度：中等<br>我国科学家袁隆平院士利用野生水稻与普通栽培水稻多次杂交,培育出高产杂交水稻新品种,这是利用了生物种类的多样性.<br>(判断对错)<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/e223e1b87d7247e38b37d17a273576ba/1BF6542C45D8F9CAF60E902F8E776A20.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/e1ede0c680ee421881a557f6bdeb7e87/63FB29E1BE819B59F8229ED2C8E4BC79.png"><br><br>※题型：判断题※知识点：判断题※试题难度：较易<br>真菌都是多细胞的生物.<br>(判断对错)<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/a134923890c941e0a170607ddde90a95/1BF6542C45D8F9CAF60E902F8E776A20.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/7fb7d71beea34e88a71afb1d9d78d63e/82CF64E49AB6C8E6602BC226B0852075.png"><br><br>※题型：判断题※知识点：判断题※试题难度：中等<br>生物种类的多样性实质上是基因的多样性。<br>(判断对错)<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/9453250f7c714e9399df7e9ac8c1b420/1571767E7D00EDF0367E5DB18F5CF334.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/d2a4f33d8f264b4cb81cc4ae8f5fbf4f/00C42DEC9533142DBB3FD8E9513B3B1B.png"><br><br>※题型：判断题※知识点：判断题※试题难度：中等<br>细菌和真菌对人类都是有害的。<br>(判断对错)<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/88ebfae7e78a42a8ae6a42f0a53e0902/1BF6542C45D8F9CAF60E902F8E776A20.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/c7940768bf5c46c0a881a1ec959c06c4/FC2E67E6B58AFDB314AD08D203281549.png"><br><br>※题型：判断题※知识点：判断题※试题难度：较易<br>制作酸奶和葡萄酒用到的“菌”都能进行孢子生殖。<br>(判断对错)<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/5a7581b546e545e49a706cb3bf9502b5/1BF6542C45D8F9CAF60E902F8E776A20.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/ddd75ee4cd5e478484de03732838d46b/08565E5723BCA9A9F7D274B4C38878D2.png"><br><br>※题型：判断题※知识点：判断题※试题难度：较易<br>对生物进行分类,可以了解不同生物之间亲缘关系的远近。<br>(判断对错)<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/32e08d1489c042f0977aac6c5da905f0/1571767E7D00EDF0367E5DB18F5CF334.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/b6534ac8e8d441acbcc1ab9117ceeb5f/2C0D6DD137D29D61743652B5A6A66D09.png"><br><br>※题型：判断题※知识点：判断题※试题难度：较易<br>分类单位由小到大排列的是种、科、属、目、纲、门、界。<br>(判断对错)<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/bdcebd3f44934e24adaa49b048bb49a6/1BF6542C45D8F9CAF60E902F8E776A20.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/5deec808c6ee4f51a2bafc85f5d017f0/6624FFFBD2DD2E14A2EDB480A5DD7704.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>为了探究某种细菌的分解作用,生物活动小组的同学们设计了如下实验方案:将甲乙两组落叶分别进行灭菌处理,甲组放在无菌条件下,乙组接种该细菌后放在无菌条件下。请你帮助他们一起分析此探究实验:<br>1.该实验的实验组是;对照组是。<br>2.实验结果预测:经过一段时间后,组的树叶有腐烂现象。说明该细菌对落叶有分解作用。如果两组的树叶都有腐烂现象,说明。<br>3.某同学在实验过程中“将甲乙两组进行灭菌处理,甲组放在自然条件下培养,乙组接种细菌后放在自然条件下培养”,你认为她能得到预期的结果吗?。为什么?。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/0d1bbd617506434e80d38b309832b565/DD767A387BEA91DCB247A72C73902ECC.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/9580a0ff26274b73880d4df3ab363f59/4BC53E789D671927F98E00BC7174BA2D.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>请完善<br>下面六种动物的分类表解图并回答有关问题:<br>a<br>.熊猫<br>b<br>.天鹅<br>c<br>.草履虫<br>d<br>.鲫鱼<br>e<br>.家蚕<br>f<br>.螳螂<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/5/15/51797513C8D2EA40E5BE1CA45EC35718.png"><br>1.填出分类表解图中①、②、③的分类依据。①,②,③。2.在数字④、⑦处填上动物的名称代号。④,⑦。3.这些动物根据体温是否恒定也可以分为两类,其中属于恒温动物的是(填字母)。<br>4.天鹅是洞庭湖区常见野生鸟类之一。为保护野生鸟类,湖南省林业厅于2010年10月22日发布了在全省范围内禁止猎捕野生鸟类的命令。该禁捕令是为了。A.保护人类不被感染禽流感 B.保护鸟类种类的多样性C.防止外来物种入侵 D.防止森林火灾<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/481352398c9c4f05a2707835ae23d1c0/A0A9C6EAEA8C87C771F7DC49F9F0A644.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/38439ab5abb14a1692ea3996481538c7/51ED5895D6E5F4A39F5D114106FAB7A1.png"><br><br>
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