吉林省长春市2018-2019学年八年级上学期期末生物试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>提出科学的生物命名方法-“双名法”的科学家是( )<br>A.虎克 B.林奈 C.巴斯特 D.弗莱明<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/7c3456056d6a4f35be53f74f32ed2b61/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/e0c9305f48354f87954139f37761cd97/FB18C13FBE7977D9BFCE37218B48D06F.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>细菌的生殖方式( )<br>A.出芽生殖 B.孢子生殖 C.分裂生殖 D.营养生殖<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/e90988b5100f489e972216c26cbca8dd/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/7e6a0569a9e1444b96e996e078e8c338/87FDB57772431891183E137A467F977D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>酵母菌能用来制作( )<br>A.食醋 B.酸奶 C.泡菜 D.馒头<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/6422e686ca7545b7bb3946b867ad1544/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/90b40145714140ffa3f78962bc930f7c/611159CE5EB867C6511AA9E711619CE2.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>菌体中,深入营养物质的内部,能够从中吸收有机物的是( )<br>A.孢子 B.营养菌丝 C.直立菌丝 D.细胞核<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/82acb68aaf44431486656afd12109116/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/7a076e17547347fd845ea005c8822b76/4D392539A58549090FC5322067E8D9CE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>干木耳使用的食品保存方法是( )<br>A.高温灭菌法 B.脱水法 C.罐藏法 D.冷冻法<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/fdd4696241ee4f55aa4270783559552d/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/244a9314d9114c1d8215f60357d7712c/CEAAAF40686A748DAC380EC50B09F780.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>地衣中的藻类和真菌之间的关系属于( )<br>A.寄生 B.共生 C.竞争 D.捕食<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/b40fc0fb44f146b38a1804d64e4258f8/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/eb1b51ba369342fe93ec91c5d1301ddc/4BF1C8FEF649EB612155AE1A22852721.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>生物分类的最基本单位是( )<br>A.种 B.科 C.门 D.界<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/abe833ffe4a84e758fb0f068f5b5616e/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/e1bfe4915aae4a1f918b058d97e9a1ad/783622CE143A712FE772BFE14D552581.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列食品中,采用巴氏消毒法或高温灭菌法保存的是( )<br>A.果脯 B.干蘑菇 C.封装的牛奶 D.袋装的酸菜<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/48c5c1caeb6d45288c57b54e68fbd451/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/4dc64c4ee44a45a58842ba4390d74fb5/7083F9B4A00650BEE3872E8F7E20E374.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>根据种子有无果皮包被将植物分为( )<br>A.藻类植物和苔藓植物<br>B.裸子植物和被子植物<br>C.单子叶植物和双子叶植物<br>D.种子植物和裸子植物<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/9d5a629e7d424cbb975153756fce7092/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/7b75bddd7bc1414287afc8452892ace0/1B1BDD8C2F7C54F8CAFAA7E80C765B48.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列关于动物在生物圈中作用的叙述,正确的是( )<br>A.动物能促进生物圈中的物质循环<br>B.动物与动物之间互不影响和依赖<br>C.动物的活动不能影响植物的繁衍生息<br>D.对人类有害的动物在生物圈中没什么作用<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/9549e5a98e814146abdcdd9f351d2290/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/a7b48c6381004228bd36756ed8095acb/8D281C05099BDFBA9ECC8F1EF7AAFF0A.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>图中表示DNA集中区域的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/5/14/37A6C09A8C0241FB5641FE9EC4AAF3A5.png"><br>A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/5034814c74044c57a7dfc58d58ff72a7/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/dc02bc35e6a14ad199d38874fe7938ae/6A2A191C0E44D2B7576813281B0B6B2E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>图中④属于( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/5/14/BA285AFE6A51E2A445692943D17CD65B.png"><br>A.细菌 B.真菌 C.病毒 D.植物<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/553d3d6629484775a168044e76655f76/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/cfa19cc94a344b95830ccf047babad8e/EB39E549FE9FEC72AFE21FCF016F2E62.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>属于单细胞生物的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/5/14/A391E1290CA22AA7292595D2994408CD.png"><br>A.①和② B.①和④ C.②和③ D.③和④<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/5d17556dbeda4f9ba1d88351efaedea4/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/f8d5e15efbe846918cdaf5a34fe23f51/6BA7C9B9CCF4B0049D2EB5BB5AA780EF.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>图中④专门寄生在细菌细胞内,它属于( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/5/14/D066C0720A38D5BC8FE42E46A08A6C45.png"><br>A.植物病毒 B.动物病毒 C.噬菌体 D.细菌<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/380554ffae984960addf1816932541ec/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/8cf460219ac545408bfc706933a5460e/32795A85DEC13222B1B39C49131A82C6.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>图中②和③都属于( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/5/14/80531913C8CBB63853D590D9FC4601FF.png"><br>A.细菌 B.真菌 C.病毒 D.植物<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/250f564a6d3a43a9bbe9300a4a92dc9f/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/d4737182bc6f4e9993301c5a0bb167da/7F08D9BBBCD8518EFE6B4A058D46AD0C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>③能产生杀死或抑制某些致病细菌的物质,这些物质称为( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/5/14/E95BBA80FF34EB98AC13EB00E70A95DA.png"><br>A.细菌 B.抗生素 C.杀虫剂 D.疫苗<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/15c9649ea7924e3d8bc5df82d53e0728/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/6231a404fc71421aa6b207d193145524/CB3964AD24EEBB253DA9E4657F83D83E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图是巴斯德著名的“鹅颈瓶”实验示意图。A瓶、B瓶内都装有肉汤,甲图表示A瓶煮沸,B瓶不作处理。一段时间后,其中一瓶仍然保鲜,另一瓶变质;接着,将保鲜那瓶的瓶颈打断(如乙图),数日后,瓶中肉汤也变质。甲、乙两组实验所控制的变量都是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/5/14/2580B480FE55D7C4326782957862B4D6.png"><br>A.瓶子的大小 B.细菌的有无 C.肉汤的多少 D.温度的高低<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/0156030524bf4c3bbf8f2074292275ba/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/cb7ba3b532d64795aa411bcd05a01ae6/5A3F6B09237E4F84417C28F72999EE91.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>身体表面有角质的鳞片或甲,卵生,体温不恒定的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/5/14/5353D6EE589FD26515C38B9828469D4D.png"><br>A.① B.② C.③ D.④<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/eab8c1abfdee45098307a3e660e160c8/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/4114ed6670854cdcb7ef4dbed06dfaad/89210E5B04EC63CE8792F6DCFA2E6FF1.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列几种生物中,不具有细胞结构的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/5/14/C09DD8CB3053931413B64B3BC948CE0F.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/5/14/2B9FB88EFE645D38F7DDC4E502478ED2.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/5/14/B8426EB8F80688E017DAC44067B95F55.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/5/14/B93F057352BCE07925FFD79B949B62C1.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/d4ee17f5a5fe474c9ac1a59ea768f1bd/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/0ad0fcc0a876441ead0e3db8c0c8bc36/76937BE8A9432F51F0ED4D4BC3452FD4.png"><br><br>※题型：连线题※知识点：连线题※试题难度：中等<br>请将下列几种植物与对应的类群连线。<br>A.<br>葫芦藓 <br>a.<br>藻类植物<br>B.<br>绿藻 <br>b.<br>苔藓植物<br>C.<br>蕨菜 <br>c.<br>蕨类植物<br>D.<br>菜豆 <br>d.<br>单子叶植物<br>E.<br>玉米 <br>e.<br>双子叶植物<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/58ef7bbc26aa4a3fb9319436cfeb7c2e/F7D0722432D14976231FF53B6029A9C2.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/f98c6c02082b499c90068a50375817b8/BC461478D82850292A4E464644392399.png"><br><br>※题型：连线题※知识点：连线题※试题难度：较易<br>请将下列生物与对应制作的食品连线。<br>A.<br>酵母菌 <br> a<br>.<br>酸奶<br>B.<br>乳酸菌<br> b.<br>面包<br>C.<br>醋酸菌 <br>c.<br>酱<br>D.<br>多种霉菌 <br>d.<br>醋<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/bf3461bc581a43a9ba25beeeaf028ba9/2BE289BB3357A9A1F70F33BC469B6401.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/075da6d78817496cb1542784c44e0b4c/5C4DC0057A8F7085F1B5D2A1FA61DDEC.png"><br><br>※题型：连线题※知识点：连线题※试题难度：中等<br>请将下列动物与对应种类用线连接。<br>A<br>.腔肠动物<br>B<br>.软体动物 <br>a<br>.脊椎动物<br>C<br>.两栖动物<br>D<br>.爬行动物 <br>b<br>.无脊椎动物<br>E<br>.节肢动物<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/b86f1f2bb2d947c8aa99ba9ce9973336/3FC1A4C6488AFC25906546C1D1BA303F.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/403ea95560294cb1b859ce3c929f744c/85E9F857BC79B27530C5A5DCB19E5C4A.png"><br><br>
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