admins 发表于 2021-8-18 22:20:53

四川乐山市2018年中考生物试题

※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>枯叶蝶形态和颜色与周围落叶非常相似,这属于(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.环境影响生物&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.生物适应环境<br>C.生物影响环境&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.环境制约生物<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2018/d4844c57ff464982844f52ae7a3c47ce/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2018/37513eeee7fe440793a8201aa2fe1cdf/2A13B3E86607B83AB695DE8A0E46909B.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>细胞内每时每刻都发生着非常复杂的物质和能量变化,需要统一的指挥。细胞的控制中心是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.细胞壁&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.细胞膜&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.细胞质&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.细胞核<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2018/ceabd4f94c1f45cfb3122dfeb0373e6c/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2018/3dc3bd3c43fa499bb7c9aab5e296bb05/138F0BCD5742B99A0C8F6FE98584BB4E.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>“春种一粒粟,秋收万颗子。”下列对种子知识的认识错误的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.只要环境条件适宜种子就能萌发<br>B.播种前应当测定种子的发芽率<br>C.种子萌发时胚根先发育突破种皮<br>D.低温条件下种子的寿命可延长<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/DA50F910BECBBBA4AAB35D7A1AB24524.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/408CAD69EFE07DCED0C280F9F73EB815.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列农业生产措施中,不合理的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.移栽植物幼苗根部带土<br>B.增大蔬菜大棚内的昼夜温差<br>C.种植作物时合理密植<br>D.降低大棚内二氧化碳的浓度<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2018/1d99ddc3421f466fbb3fcfed5e7f4ed1/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2018/8a17a64abeff4dafa1b42fb8ab865a04/77447562B7689B9F1DB44197A0315FBB.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>被子植物生长到一定时候就会开花结果。下列有关说法错误的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.果实的形成必需经过传粉和受精<br>B.花的主要结构是雄蕊和雌蕊<br>C.受精后,雌蕊的子房发育成种子<br>D.玉米缺粒是传粉不足导致的<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/D7C9A679F3C72D4F1064B7D0A0FD4AD8.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/24D3128AAD1337276776AFE5D961E795.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列不属于肾单位结构的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.肾小球&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.肾小管&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.肾小囊&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.输尿管<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/D9A7E0722DAB5479A60928D5B8864BC6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/E4796137ADC8566F088E95AA18912C6E.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>正常情况下,人体的原尿和血浆相比,原尿中不含有(&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.尿素&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.葡萄糖<br>C.无机盐&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.大分子蛋白质<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/D9A7E0722DAB5479A60928D5B8864BC6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/470136E2F1302CF324A5F0F0A06F696A.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列说法错误的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.谈虎色变是人类特有的反射<br>B.反射的结构基础是反射弧<br>C.人体内的腺体都能分泌激素<br>D.糖尿病患者可注射胰岛素<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2018/b2da097d35114c37b6170dbccc609eb4/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2018/7931e5cdd1534dd9badc9a73b2888c12/F041E665D7DBDFD556CD95B50610A77D.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列行为不利于预防近视的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.读写姿势要正确&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>B.不在直射的强光下看书<br>C.边走路边看手机&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>D.看书写字1小时要休息<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2018/0a69f2fb66454020a81ef0b724341833/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2018/b913aeeeccca487e880287194349a1de/3BB1131E27D3CDBA3F398DFAAF88230B.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列哪种环境中,霉菌最不容易生长(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.夏季未及时清洗的衣物&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.干燥环境中的皮鞋<br>C.未放冰箱里的剩饭剩菜&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.煮沸未密封的肉汤<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2018/6362a8d61d9c4f90bad10edd65b52f39/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2018/dfeb21bbbdd74f63b9ba809945afcfd4/0D79EFD91A3412600F8EF4560622AA5F.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列食品的制作没有用到发酵原理的是(&nbsp;)<br>A.面包&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.酸奶&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.豆浆&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.泡菜<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2018/1e6a203c28a7467690fee0b611480495/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2018/b3f4ba82d6e7453c8ee58066128da954/10F016971E4B24DEC72B60A70EA68C43.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>如果我们要在实验室培养细菌或真菌,正确的操作步骤是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>①接种&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;②配制培养基&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;③高温灭菌&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;④恒温培养A.③①②④&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.③②①④&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.①②③④&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.②③①④<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2018/7714f3a6c3f646ce8e27c474e138cc3d/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2018/60647aa60cd446c3aaf5e589f42e65e5/61E0A8A774925934382524F7805FD276.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>使用一次性注射器、输液器,从预防传染病的措施分析,这属于(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.控制传染源&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.保护易感人群<br>C.清除病原体&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.切断传播途径<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2018/8ffbb47daa714651a2789cd93a48b92f/D9A7E0722DAB5479A60928D5B8864BC6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2018/deb42ae9914e468bb8a93fc9b78992a8/B55AB13F8ABEDCBFB9B924FAC26ACCA4.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列有关人的性别遗传的叙述中,正确的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.男、女性别也是人的性状,也受基因控制<br>B.男性精子的染色体组成一定是:22条+Y<br>C.生男生女是由卵细胞含有的性染色体决定的<br>D.一对夫妇第一胎是女孩,再生男孩的几率增大<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2018/a3beda58a45f47329eb02b94852918e1/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2018/2711824d9d0347c0baa8b9200b686236/ADC7957E8ACDCB0C34C63ACB2C91FA3E.png"><br><br>※题型:填空题※知识点:填空题※试题难度:较易<br>生物圈中,不同地域的环境差别很大,生物种类千差万别,生态系统也因此多种多样。其中被誉为“绿色水库”、“地球之肺”的是生态系统。稻田生态系统需要在栽培、管理等投入大量的人力、物力,其中主要的生产者是。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2018/d02fb4a8964c4ddc9f768dbca1bd0685/177F534EAFC72EC26316B7CF6319BB61.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2018/2954ae098dfc4f1a899509f251010e0f/1ECA9492420D08EAFD76CDB53BECF542.png"><br><br>※题型:填空题※知识点:填空题※试题难度:中等<br>在光学显微镜下观察洋葱根尖细胞分裂时,发现细胞核中有一些易被碱性染料染成深色的物质,这些物质由和组成。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/72A20B82B8761601BAC09CD147081D5C.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/83CDA5C5BE05EAF020569022A0047FD0.png"><br><br>※题型:填空题※知识点:填空题※试题难度:中等<br>俄国著名植物生理学家季米里亚捷夫<br>曾这样形容绿色植物在生物圈中的作用<br>:“<br>它是窃取天火的普罗米修斯<br>它所获取的光和热<br>不仅养育了地球上的其他生物<br>①<br>而且使巨大的涡轮机旋转<br>使诗人的笔挥舞<br>②<br>”<br>请<br>:<br>其<br>中<br>①<br>描述了植物的<br>作用<br>②<br>所需的能量来自细胞的<br>作用。<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2018/c3eb49ed7ffd4b04b9cb2c2b07979f63/BFBE4EE2ED940D04E8D4D1C85729C197.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2018/08edaa8a7f0943bfbd877550e62bd380/6F11019B4874FC6BE05BDB150F21EC32.png"><br><br>※题型:填空题※知识点:填空题※试题难度:中等<br>常言道,人往高处走水往低处流。但绿色植物体内的水却能“逆流而上”,这是因为植物能进行作用。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/AC3C1FBC07B483E9123B01D5FA5B4D1A.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/067B74E923E5180797D9711C0719BFAA.png"><br><br>※题型:填空题※知识点:填空题※试题难度:中等<br>某运动员在比赛中不幸摔伤腰部,造成截瘫,导致大小便失禁。说明排便中枢和排尿中枢都位于中,而且要受到的控制。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/7A25CE0552FB233C002DA349004BE545.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/EADDD9746DB6A02DA0817147FE61FFBE.png"><br><br>※题型:填空题※知识点:填空题※试题难度:中等<br>婴儿刚一出生,就会接种卡介苗和乙肝疫苗,由此获得的免疫属于免疫,这是预防传染病措施中的。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/909274EDB7B99406D71F9BB0BAA42FD0.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/A57720CAF2801682D6797F4DDCF2A5A6.png"><br><br>
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