admins 发表于 2021-8-18 22:12:41

2014年初中生物八年级下册专题训练卷之生物的生殖和发育(带解析)

※题型:读图填空题※知识点:读图填空题※试题难度:容易<br>家蚕的幼虫身体柔软,主要以<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>为食,在它的发育过程中有<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>现象,化蛹前吐丝结茧。蛹不吃不动,羽化后的成虫叫<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>,雌雄成虫交配后产卵。像这样的发育过程叫做<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/83DAF526F690BB840788AEA6578F6119.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/1560B4BA4AF781FC92B8357E0FE6C429.png"><br><br>※题型:读图填空题※知识点:读图填空题※试题难度:容易<br>鸣叫的青蛙是<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>性的,它的口角边有一对<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。在青蛙抱对的池塘水面,会发现漂浮着的一片片胶状透明物,这是青蛙的卵块,里面有许多<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/42779C17E2FC76CBA7F3AA47FD72CCD3.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/A0565262F8CD1F7DD4D8A673C45FC244.png"><br><br>※题型:读图填空题※知识点:读图填空题※试题难度:容易<br>蝗虫的幼虫叫<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>,其发育过程属于<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/8BA07AEECCA3BD03D873475F802B3E32.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/AF62ECDD5B7EF3B78BF362193EABADAB.png"><br><br>※题型:读图填空题※知识点:读图填空题※试题难度:容易<br>无性生殖不经过两性生殖细胞的结合,而是由<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>直接产生新个体的生殖方式。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/D56E4B35C99AD75B9A43E5EF19149A5F.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/F6AAE8428E5C93DA2A192B4D1003AD00.png"><br><br>※题型:读图填空题※知识点:读图填空题※试题难度:容易<br>甘薯、葡萄、菊、月季等植物的栽培,常用的无性生殖方法是<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/BFC7BC234E2700395A2C6EBDE5515185.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/6219EB1C8FA913AA82610501112BD114.png"><br><br>※题型:填空题※知识点:填空题※试题难度:较易<br>嫁接时应当使接穗与砧木双方的<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>紧密结合,这样才能确保接穗成活。<br>答案<br>略</br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:读图填空题※知识点:读图填空题※试题难度:容易<br>诸如孔雀开屏、丹顶鹤求偶时跳舞,以及园丁鸟布置“庭院”等等,都属于鸟类<br>的<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>行为。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/361637D1DBBC67933F7415B25DFA14FA.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/71B081F2940D5827069026CF64D67F24.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br><tbody><br>蚕吐丝是在它一生发育的什么阶段<br><div[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]<br>A.成虫&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>B.幼虫&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>C.受精卵&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>D.蛹<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/E7D3E85673EFE9CB95D8D96898399586.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列动物生殖过程中属于体外受精的是()<br><tbody><br>A.青蛙<br>B.蝗虫<br>C.家鸽<br>D.蜜蜂<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/8B0030C365994090B8FC9AF4C183A80B.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/F146C025476594E0CC8CC98D85FC0FC9.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>在美国南部等地发现的畸形蛙约占10%,致畸的原因最可能是()<br><tbody><br>A.空气污染<br>B.水域污染<br>C.土壤污染<br>D.人类捕杀<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/E7D3E85673EFE9CB95D8D96898399586.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/27173A3C5FBE6EE61C44B6B8491F43C0.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>下面哪种结构能够为鸟的胚胎发育提供营养()<br>①卵壳;②卵白;③卵黄;④胚盘.<br><tbody><br>A.①③<br>B.②④<br>C.①④<br>D.②③<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/7039B1414292C98C4C0586321B67CF33.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/CA78621A828270A3F50E93D9619F9636.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列生物的生殖方式中哪一组属于无性生殖(&nbsp;)<br>①水螅的出芽生殖<br>②豌豆的种子繁殖<br>③月季的扦插繁殖<br>④鱼的受精卵繁殖<br>⑤细菌的分裂生殖<br>⑥鸡的受精卵繁殖A.①②③&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.④⑤⑥&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.①③⑤&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.②④⑥<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2014/2e7af95185124dbd857bdf6cb55b7a39/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2014/96d2893bd0244ec3ba0957e9c1e54364/B4052C819C4A3AC0E79C4744EFA75DCA.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列哪一项属于有性生殖()<br><tbody><br>A.椒草的叶子长成新植株<br>B.马铃薯的块茎发芽生根<br>C.鸟卵孵化出小鸟<br>D.把仙人球嫁接到仙人掌上<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/924B3E38A9B17011DDBB929C9A570330.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/A227D7CCD0F0C2856B92871C36866246.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>种子的胚由下列哪种结构发育而来的()<br><tbody><br>A.胚乳<br>B.卵细胞<br>C.受精卵<br>D.受精极核<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/924B3E38A9B17011DDBB929C9A570330.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/3880265B333ACCFEDAC0AFAA67180E58.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br><tbody><br>蝗虫的若虫发育到成虫,蜕皮次数总共是<br><div[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]<br>A.3次&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>B.4次&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>C.5次&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>D.6次<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/924B3E38A9B17011DDBB929C9A570330.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>相当于卵细胞的一组是(&nbsp;)<br><tbody><br>A.卵黄膜、卵黄、胚盘<br>B.卵壳膜、卵白、卵黄<br>C.卵壳、卵壳膜、卵白、卵黄<br>D.整个鸡卵<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/8B0030C365994090B8FC9AF4C183A80B.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/DF844DE72B114C7E67ADD87850850689.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>对蛙的生殖发育有直接影响的是()<br><tbody><br>A.空气污染<br>B.噪声污染<br>C.水质污染<br>D.固体废弃物污染<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/924B3E38A9B17011DDBB929C9A570330.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/9A232C8B57C0D8811B07C8B16D5AF718.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br><tbody><br>通过扦插和嫁接都能较好繁育的植物是<br><p[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]</p><br>A.葡萄<br>B.月季<br>C.小麦<br>D.马铃薯<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/8B0030C365994090B8FC9AF4C183A80B.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:判断题※知识点:判断题※试题难度:较易<br>竹子是靠其地下茎上的芽形成的竹笋长成新个体的,这种繁殖是无性繁殖。(&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/887CE539FC95EBD1BD01A1E4F6292191.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/6ADE2B47A6602339D85A729C69DE54A5.png"><br><br>※题型:判断题※知识点:判断题※试题难度:较易<br><tbody><br>利用植物组织培养的方法,只需要用少量植物材料,就可以在短期内诱导出大量试管苗。<br><div[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/DC6AA8F977A6AD0E087A133DBB9CCB84.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/DC6AA8F977A6AD0E087A133DBB9CCB84.png"><br><br>※题型:判断题※知识点:判断题※试题难度:容易<br><tbody><br>蟋蟀的发育过程包括卵、若虫、蛹、成虫四个阶段,因此蟋蟀的发育是属于完全变态发育。<br><div[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/64F190BD40D5AC2FF6BD1D2E39936A16.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/64F190BD40D5AC2FF6BD1D2E39936A16.png"><br><br>※题型:判断题※知识点:判断题※试题难度:容易<br><tbody><br>蝗虫幼虫的形态和生活习性与成虫有很大的差异。<br><div[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/64F190BD40D5AC2FF6BD1D2E39936A16.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/64F190BD40D5AC2FF6BD1D2E39936A16.png"><br><br>※题型:判断题※知识点:判断题※试题难度:较易<br><tbody><br>两栖动物的生殖和幼体发育必须在水中进行,幼体要经过变态发育才能到陆地上生活。<br><p[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]</p><br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/DC6AA8F977A6AD0E087A133DBB9CCB84.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/DC6AA8F977A6AD0E087A133DBB9CCB84.png"><br><br>※题型:判断题※知识点:判断题※试题难度:中等<br>环境的变迁对两栖动物的生殖和发育影响不大。(&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/64F190BD40D5AC2FF6BD1D2E39936A16.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/91D6B15459638A3303082A1C3FCF3CDC.png"><br><br>※题型:判断题※知识点:判断题※试题难度:中等<br>卵黄是鸟卵的细胞核。(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/64F190BD40D5AC2FF6BD1D2E39936A16.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/C61AF01B73ADF2D996227393C4D16BEC.png"><br><br>※题型:判断题※知识点:判断题※试题难度:容易<br><tbody><br>所有的鸟在产卵前都要筑巢,产卵后要孵卵。<br><div[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/64F190BD40D5AC2FF6BD1D2E39936A16.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/64F190BD40D5AC2FF6BD1D2E39936A16.png"><br><br>※题型:解答题※知识点:解答题※试题难度:中等<br>请将下列动物的归属类别用线相连<br>A.家蝇&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.鸟类<br>B.孔雀&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.两栖类<br>C.大鲵&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.昆虫.<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/84654E94EF862CE70671516064A95C8B.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:连线题※知识点:连线题※试题难度:中等<br>请将下列各类生物和它们的生殖发育特点用线相连<br><tbody><br>A.植物a.体内受精、卵生,卵表面有坚硬的卵壳<br>B.昆虫b.可通过茎、叶等进行无性繁殖,也可以进行有性繁殖<br>C.两栖类c.有不完全变态和完全变态两种发育类型<br>D.鸟类d.生殖和幼体发育在水中进行,成体可到陆地上生活<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/09A8058E12AC404FEFF28323CB6D7251.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/28C2AD198CB08C162DFDBFEA5D1FEF88.png"><br><br>※题型:实验题※知识点:实验题※试题难度:中等<br>看图作答<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/2/6617398C68B91EB168BAFF46F4CC0CDF.png"><br>style="vertical-align:middle;VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle;"><br>1.如上图,这种繁殖技术叫<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>2.请按上图所给的序号为这种繁殖过程排序:<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/7EF001C2CFC9E0681B2546BD925538AD.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/AA4C20E53FCACD95C98E7AA3201D500D.png"><br><br>※题型:解答题※知识点:解答题※试题难度:中等<br>综合思辨<br>青蛙、蟾蜍等两栖动物一次产卵成千上万枚,而鸟类一窝卵也只有几个,这是否说明两栖类比鸟类在生殖方面占优势呢?请说明理由。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/4BE2DBF6B1BC741486A973FDF349042E.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/E2C4E32A371AA372A7B5D2F3584E6109.png"><br><br>
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