admins 发表于 2021-8-18 22:10:55

2012-2013学年山东省枣庄市峄城区八年级第一次月考生物试卷(带解析)

※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>在花的结构中,最主要的部分是()<br><tbody><br>A.花柄<br>B.花被<br>C.花托<br>D.花蕊<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/7039B1414292C98C4C0586321B67CF33.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/6671F5C0409BCA292229B7C434501513.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>桃花在花托上有四个部分,从内向外依次是(&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>①花瓣②雄蕊③萼片④雌蕊<br><tbody><br>A.①②③④<br>B.④②①③<br>C.④③②①<br>D.③②①④<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/E7D3E85673EFE9CB95D8D96898399586.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/38731090A51A032EEFDC6E7BBFB0DD3F.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>从花蕊的情况和花着生的情况两方面看,桃花的花是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)。<br><tbody><br>A.单性花,单生花<br>B.两性花,单生花<br>C.两性花,花序<br>D.单性花,花序<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/E7D3E85673EFE9CB95D8D96898399586.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/0EE7FDADF6358014FF15D238437988B3.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>下列关于花的叙述,不合理的是()<br><tbody><br>A.单性花不一定都能组成花序<br>B.单性花和两性花都可能组成花序<br>C.两性花即可雌雄同株,也可雌雄异株<br>D.南瓜花是单性花<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/924B3E38A9B17011DDBB929C9A570330.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/75E60913B7A9CAA0824A13979A953E5D.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>完全浸泡在水中的种子不易萌发的主要原因是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br><tbody><br>A.缺少阳光<br>B.缺少空气<br>C.水温太低<br>D.营养物质不溶于水<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/E7D3E85673EFE9CB95D8D96898399586.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/3EA57EB3E9EB3C3C3721AE0F10E64FF0.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>某片桃树园旁新建了一个养蜂厂,那么,这片桃树的产量将会(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)。<br><tbody><br>A.由于蜜蜂大量增加,会吃掉大量的花粉,因而产量会大量减少<br>B.由于桃花是虫媒花,蜜蜂会帮助桃花传粉,因而产量会增加<br>C.由于桃花是风媒花,蜜蜂对桃子的产量没有影响<br>D.桃子虽然是虫媒花,但蜜蜂对桃子的产量不会产生影响<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br>略</br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>如果在开花前,把桃花甲去掉雌蕊,把桃花乙去掉雄蕊,连同桃花丙,都用塑料袋分别罩起来,扎好袋口,其结果可能是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)。<br><tbody><br>A.甲能结实、乙不结实、丙能结实<br>B.甲不结实、乙能结实、丙不结实<br>C.甲不结实、乙不结实、丙能结实<br>D.甲、乙、丙都不能结实<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/7039B1414292C98C4C0586321B67CF33.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/591039AE1650146E82626F493DBACE3A.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>下列植物中,属于自花传粉的是()<br>①小麦&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;②水稻&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;③鼠尾草&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;④豌豆&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;⑤玉米.<br><tbody><br>A.①②③<br>B.②③④<br>C.①②④<br>D.①②④⑤<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/924B3E38A9B17011DDBB929C9A570330.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/0FE564F2015F531EB6BD64891E6EB407.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>一朵花完成传粉和受精后,能继续发育的结构是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)。<br><tbody><br>A.花冠<br>B.雄蕊<br>C.雌蕊的柱头和花柱<br>D.雌蕊的子房<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/7039B1414292C98C4C0586321B67CF33.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/EDA39ED2743B8EFF253EA514D2844F0E.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>食用花生油主要来自花生种子的(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)。<br><tbody><br>A.胚芽<br>B.胚乳<br>C.子叶<br>D.胚轴<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/924B3E38A9B17011DDBB929C9A570330.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/88BF8DA13CBB23E0B3881451FEA375F0.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>下列种子萌发的条件中,属于自身条件的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)。<br><tbody><br>A.完整有生命力的胚<br>B.足够的水分<br>C.充足的空气<br>D.适宜的温度<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br>略</br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br><tbody><br>将煮熟的玉米种子种下去,在适宜的温度、充足的水分和空气条件下不能萌发的原因是<br><div[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]<br>A.种子不完整<br>B.处在休眠期<br>C.胚已死<br>D.无供胚发育的营养物质<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/924B3E38A9B17011DDBB929C9A570330.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>受精后花的变化:子房壁、胚珠、子房、受精卵分别发育成(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)。<br><tbody><br>A.种皮、胚乳、胚、果皮<br>B.果实、胚、果皮、种子<br>C.果皮、种子、果实、胚<br>D.种皮、果皮、胚乳、胚<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/924B3E38A9B17011DDBB929C9A570330.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/1E76DDD51D3610F05241A2B4B340FEF6.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br><tbody><br>早春播种以后,用“地膜覆盖”的方法促进早出苗,其原因是<br><div[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]<br>A.保湿保温,有利萌发<br>B.种子萌发需要避光<br>C.防止鸟类取食种子<br>D.防止风沙<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/8B0030C365994090B8FC9AF4C183A80B.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>玉米的说法正确的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br><tbody><br>A.玉米是单子叶植物,一粒玉米是由一个胚珠发育而来<br>B.在新鲜的玉米种子剖面滴碘液,变蓝的部分是胚<br>C.种子萌发时,胚根首先突破种皮发育成根且子叶出土<br>D.玉米为雌雄同株,借风力完成异花传粉<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/7039B1414292C98C4C0586321B67CF33.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/E6DABD1ABAA14178C6108CCECDA405C4.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>被子植物中的“被子”是由花的哪一部分发育而来的(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br><tbody><br>A.花瓣<br>B.花柱<br>C.胚珠<br>D.子房壁<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/7039B1414292C98C4C0586321B67CF33.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/94CB83960B6AEFDBA3E231507B60367F.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>植物的受精作用通常发生在(&nbsp;)内<br><tbody><br>A.花柱<br>B.花粉管<br>C.胚珠<br>D.子房壁<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br>略</br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>下列植物中,其食用部分属于种子的是(&nbsp;)<br>①芝麻&nbsp;&nbsp;②葡萄&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;③玉米&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;④杏仁&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;⑤西瓜<br><tbody><br>A.①②③<br>B.②③④<br>C.①③⑤<br>D.①④<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/7039B1414292C98C4C0586321B67CF33.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/489935A4B15CF4CBD31F5B8BB92BB559.png"><br><br>※题型:实验题※知识点:实验题※试题难度:中等<br>右图为菜豆种子和玉米种子的结构图,据图回答:(23分)<br><imgsrc="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/2/14270CB6DB44AEDFB05ECAB625566919.jpg"><br>style="vertical-align:middle;VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle;"><br>(1)填写图中各部分名称:①_________,②_________,③_________,④________,⑤________,⑥<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>(2)菜豆种子和玉米种子结构的相同点是都有________和_________,而且胚都由_________、_________、_________、_________组成。不同点是菜豆种子的子叶有____片,而玉米种子的子叶有___片,玉米种子中有_________,菜豆种子中没有_________。玉米种子的营养贮藏在<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>中,菜豆种子的营养贮藏在<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>中。<br>(3)种子中最主要的结构是<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>(4)最先突破种皮的是<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>&nbsp;将来发育成<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>,②发育成<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>,③发育成<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>(5)图B滴加碘液,胚乳变成<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/40FFDAEE33B32C77A24DD1C9E2167F44.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/DF4E1A72DBA964076ECA48672C060E56.png"><br><br>※题型:实验题※知识点:实验题※试题难度:中等<br>右图是一朵花的结构。据图回答:(16分)<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/2/2F962413EC1BB8EBC0F81F50E06C3109.png"><br>style="vertical-align:middle;VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle;">&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>⑴从雌、雄蕊有无来看,此花为<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>⑵胚珠所在的结构是[&nbsp;]<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>&nbsp;。<br>⑶7.8.9合称<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>;1.2合称<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>⑷当植物开花后,成熟的[&nbsp;]<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>会裂开,花粉散发出来,通过一定的方式落到<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>的<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>上,花粉受到黏液的刺激萌发形成<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。当花粉管到达<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>时,里面的<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>释放出来与胚珠内的<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>融合形成受精卵,这种生殖方式叫<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>⑸受精卵将来发育成<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>,果实是由[&nbsp;]<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>发育来的。<br>(6)若只有一朵花也能结出果实和种子,则这朵花必须具有<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>(7)桃的果实中只有一粒种子的原因是<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/3A76504218E9FF2CC4C8467B096F641B.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/AB987B1262A689619C0AF30C7722FDB7.png"><br><br>※题型:探究题※知识点:探究题※试题难度:中等<br>在4个洁净的罐头瓶上分别贴上写有1、2、3、4的标签,然后在4个瓶中各放入2张餐巾纸,并在餐巾纸上均匀的放上10粒种子,然后按照下表中的处理方式操作,请分析回答:(11分)<br><tbody><br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/2/9A98354D3BBCB6401B81EB949CC1BAFD.png"><br>style="vertical-align:middle;VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle;"><br>1<br>2<br>3<br>4<br>处<br>理<br>方<br>式<br>&nbsp;<br>拧紧瓶盖<br>洒入少量清水<br>使餐巾纸湿润,<br>然后拧紧瓶盖<br>倒入较多清水,<br>使种子淹没在清水中,然后拧紧瓶盖<br>洒入少量清水,<br>使餐巾纸湿润,<br>然后拧紧瓶盖<br>置于室温环境中<br>置于室温环境中<br>置于室温环境中<br>放在低温处(如冰箱内)<br></tbody><br>(1)本实验的假设是:<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u><br>(2)<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>号瓶的种子不会萌发,<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>号瓶的种子会萌发。<br>(3)有<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;组</u>对照实验,分别是<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>(4)根据<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>号和<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>号实验结果的对比分析,说明种子萌发时需要充足的空气。<br>(5)可能得出的结论是:<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>(6)放入10粒种子,而不是1粒的原因<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>&nbsp;&nbsp;。<br>(7)1号与2号瓶进行对照,所探究的问题是<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/EA6EAF94EFE31BC840AA6E07B45AC132.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/F96D11FCEEF20B1F1153C00BB3A7A4F0.png"><br><br>
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