admins 发表于 2021-8-18 22:08:38

2010-2011年山东临沂教师命题能力比赛初一下学期期末模拟生物卷二(带解析)

※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br><tbody><br>当我们细嚼饭粒或或馒头时,会觉得有甜味,这种甜味物质是:<br><p[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]</p><br>A.蔗糖<br>B.葡萄糖<br>C.麦芽糖<br>D.白砂糖<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/924B3E38A9B17011DDBB929C9A570330.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>血液的运输功能是由下列哪组成分完成的:<br>1血浆&nbsp;&nbsp;2红细胞&nbsp;&nbsp;3白细胞&nbsp;&nbsp;4血小板<br><tbody><br>A.12<br>B.24<br>C.23<br>D.34<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/8B0030C365994090B8FC9AF4C183A80B.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/67FFC1A03D8722A91F0A80C74DCFA00D.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>人体患急性炎症时,血液中的(&nbsp;&nbsp;)会增多。<br><tbody><br>A.红细胞<br>B.白细胞<br>C.血小板<br>D.血红蛋白<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/E7D3E85673EFE9CB95D8D96898399586.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/1FB624BD14E01B7079D056F8D3175F05.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br><tbody><br><p>健康的成年人为什么可以一次献血200~300毫升,原因是:</p><br><p[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]</p><br>A.三个月左右可以恢复正常<br>B.对人体的影响不大<br>C.少量损失血液有助于健康<br>D.一个星期内可以完全恢复正常<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/8B0030C365994090B8FC9AF4C183A80B.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>在下列哪种液体中可以找到尿素:<br>1血浆&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2原尿&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3尿液&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4汗液<br><tbody><br>A.12<br>B.23<br>C.123<br>D.1234<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/7039B1414292C98C4C0586321B67CF33.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/D305FB4366E45514B939000CB9A43818.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>下列哪一项不属于排泄<br><tbody><br>A.水<br>B.尿素<br>C.粪便<br>D.二氧化碳<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/924B3E38A9B17011DDBB929C9A570330.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/D032A717EF5173A753D4F4AA6B9AB7C6.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>非典型肺炎是一种由()感染所引起的传染病.<br><tbody><br>A.细菌<br>B.病毒<br>C.真菌<br>D.以上都不是<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/E7D3E85673EFE9CB95D8D96898399586.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/2E9B1B182A7575FDE5E2693F86DCFEEE.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>下列四组中,都是因缺乏维生素而引起疾病的是:<br><tbody><br>A.巨人症和夜盲症<br>B.糖尿病和佝偻病<br>C.坏血症和夜盲症<br>D.呆小症和巨人症<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/924B3E38A9B17011DDBB929C9A570330.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/095FFBCA771F66C5E2D78E775DE70F88.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>神经系统中,专门调节心跳、血压等重要生命活动的神经传导中枢在(&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.大脑皮层&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.小脑&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.脑干&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.脊髓<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/13AF90622A0BAB1FAE0C25F1DA6C949A.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>吸烟,最易损害下列哪一部分结构()<br><tbody><br>A.气管、支气管内表面的纤毛<br>B.肺泡<br>C.喉<br>D.胃<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/8B0030C365994090B8FC9AF4C183A80B.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/B3BC26FC7BCB834D51EAFF4953340F06.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>人的眼球结构好象一架照相机,其中具有感光细胞结构的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.角膜&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.巩膜&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.脉络膜&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.视网膜<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/D9A7E0722DAB5479A60928D5B8864BC6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/C8590BE5A79711C50CBA7AB053808CC5.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>人体进行吸气时,膈的运动是:<br><tbody><br>A.膈顶下降<br>B.膈顶上升<br>C.不上升也不下降<br>D.先上升再下降<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/7A3FAFE53B29F005E2BB3B89B4B8957C.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/5B782EB44DC9D5E01965FCEF4BED6190.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>贫血可以多吃:<br><tbody><br>A.含铁质、钙质丰富的食物<br>B.含铁质、蛋白质丰富的食物<br>C.含钙质、蛋白质丰富的食物<br>D.含碘、蛋白质丰富的食物<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/E7D3E85673EFE9CB95D8D96898399586.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/2C9189612FF4B896F578EF67A22ED53A.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>有个相声里说,某人喜欢喝酒,结果喝午得胃下垂,这说明胃能吸收:<br><tbody><br>A.葡萄糖<br>B.甘油<br>C.脂肪酸<br>D.酒精<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/6BF4F989954415437ACD8671F41DB7C7.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/EE6500A6F480F23590B51E2B56EC6DDC.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>家人中有人患糖尿病,治疗中不宜口服胰岛素药物的原因是:<br><tbody><br>A.打针太痛<br>B.注射比口服疗效更明显<br>C.口服后会被分解,失去功能<br>D.口服不易吸收<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/924B3E38A9B17011DDBB929C9A570330.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/BF22ED90B66F550CAE9A85D6F9928FFC.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>脑和脊髓的结构和功能的基本单位是()<br><tbody><br>A.神经元<br>B.神经<br>C.神经纤维<br>D.突起<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/8B0030C365994090B8FC9AF4C183A80B.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/533ACFD509EA2FD6BE01827E303F9D11.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>下列现象中,你认为可称为反射的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.人一碰含羞草,其叶片马上卷起<br>B.摆在窗台上的花草向外生长<br>C.草履虫对环境中温度的变化表现出趋性<br>D.手偶然碰到火会迅速缩回<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/11D4224F351C37FE4E1911D178BCB8C8.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>马戏团有一位特型演员,多才多艺,她虽成年,但身高只有70厘米,她可能患的是:<br><tbody><br>A.地方性四状腺肿<br>B.糖尿病<br>C.侏儒症<br>D.呆小症<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/924B3E38A9B17011DDBB929C9A570330.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/9182B751020D7FD71EECC8F84280386B.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列腺体中,不属于内分泌腺的是()<br><tbody><br>A.胰岛<br>B.垂体<br>C.唾液腺<br>D.甲状腺<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/924B3E38A9B17011DDBB929C9A570330.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/96D6E4D07186E0558ABF6F4623921F72.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>人地激动时,呼吸、心跳加快血压升高,面红耳赤。其中最主要的原因是:<br><tbody><br>A.神经系统的调节<br>B.受激素调节的影响<br>C.肾上腺激素较多<br>D.A和B<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/7039B1414292C98C4C0586321B67CF33.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/008C9DDF33700AAF24A8B12B52A6ADFE.png"><br><br>※题型:实验题※知识点:实验题※试题难度:中等<br>根据消化系统模式图回答问题(共8分)<br><imgsrc="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/2/D47313789D88D774933AC139BEDD5CFC.jpg"><br>style="vertical-align:middle;VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle;"><br>(1)&nbsp;能产生不含消化酶的消化液的器官是[&nbsp;]________。<br>(2)消化道中只有消化而基本无吸收功能的是[&nbsp;]_____只有吸收而无消化功能的是&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&nbsp;]______;既有消化又有吸收功能的是[&nbsp;]_______和[[&nbsp;]_______。<br>(3)请依次写出食物进出消化道各结构的名称(只写序号):<br>(4)位于消化道内的腺体有胃腺和________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/1D7F810417BAE50D610D29C8616F7A14.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/BBDDB17BFCCD1E1BB7CAE59215C8506C.png"><br><br>※题型:读图填空题※知识点:读图填空题※试题难度:中等<br><tbody><br>下图是人体血液循环模式图。请分析回答有关问题<br><p<img itype="gif" border="0"src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/2/ECCEDA357DD9127A40789CE1E3FF0D6F.gif"style="VERTICAL-ALIGN:middl;VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle;"></p><br>(1)体循环结束后,血液所发生的变化是________________________。<br>(2)肺循环的起止点分别是[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]________,[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]________。<br>(3)在体循环中,血液流经器官肠进入肝时,血液的突出变化是_______________。<br>(4)在体循环中,血液经肾脏流出时,血液的突出变化是________________________。<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/AAFA5B65582BA4B9AC22D5D375938BC8.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:读图填空题※知识点:读图填空题※试题难度:较难<br><tbody><br>下面左边数据是取自某正常人原尿和尿液的样品,右图是肾单位结构模式图。请根据表格和示意图回答问题。(“[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]”中填写序号,“________”内填写文字。)<br><div<img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/2/788C5AC79E65A26DB5492040597CACB0.png"><br>style="WIDTH:224px;HEIGHT:228px;VERTICAL-ALIGN:middl;VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle;"><img itype="gif" border="0"src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/2/B970681C2329C1D65E79E0A6FA46C3F0.gif"style="VERTICAL-ALIGN:middl;VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle;"><br>(1)根据左边表内数据分析,原尿是_________(填“样品A”或“样品B”),存在于右图中的[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]肾小囊腔中。<br>(2)尿液是原尿经右图中[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]肾小管的重吸收后形成的,重吸收的物质包括全部的__________,大部分的_______和部分无机物。<br>(3)若肾小球有炎症,尿液中会出现血细胞和大分子_________;若_______分泌的胰岛素不足,尿液中会出现_________。<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/2DEE440BBE0AD0EF612EE730CF0C33E8.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:实验题※知识点:实验题※试题难度:中等<br>根据右图神经结构模式图,回答下面问题:<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/2/EF80890B9CA16FE8D7353CEAF442CBA9.png"><br>style="vertical-align:middle;VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle;"><br>(1)、从该反射弧模式图的结构特点分析,该反射弧所能完成的反射类型是<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;________</u>。<br>这是因为<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>(2)、神经系统结构和功能的基本单位是_________神经调节的基本方式是_________完成这种活动&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;的结构叫___________<br>(3)、若图中5表示该反射活动的效应器,则神经冲动的传导途径是<br>(1)_________→(4)____________→(3)_____________→(2)_____________→(5)效应器<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/0B3839743075AC73FD0A2D92816C2618.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/2B3616B5FCC7A732A3C5396842F6EB3C.png"><br><br>※题型:实验题※知识点:实验题※试题难度:中等<br>完成实验:(10分)<br>甲状腺激素有促进蝌蚪发育的作用。现提供40只大小、发育状况相似的蝌蚪、两个玻璃缸、水草、清水、不含任何激素的食物、甲状腺活性物质等材料。请你完成以下实验,验证甲状腺激素的作用:<br>(1)实验变量:<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>(2)实验设计:<br>①两个玻璃缸分别编号为A和B,各放入<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>只蝌蚪、适量清水、少量水草,每天同时喂食。<br>②A缸<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>;B缸<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>③<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>(3)实验结果:<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>(4)得出结论:<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/2/9/DBBB6203EDE284C63C3ED4653CF49D7C.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/2/9/D05C0D4B6D241BD917C1AB06BB73BD81.png"><br><br>
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