基因指导蛋白质合成核心知识点列表梳理-人人终身学习知识网~是各类综合知识资源信息分享，提升综合素质与提高知识技能的终身学习网络平台生物教学生物

meili 发表于 2022-10-21 11:16:44

基因指导蛋白质合成核心知识点列表梳理

1.DNA和RNA的列表比较<table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1px solid; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; MARGIN-LEFT: 14.4pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1px solid"><tbody><tr style="HEIGHT: 15.75pt"><td colspan="4" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 90pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.75pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="120">比较项目</td><td colspan="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 162pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.75pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="216">DNA</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 156pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.75pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="208">RNA</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 15.75pt"><td colspan="4" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 90pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.75pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="120">名称</td><td colspan="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 162pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.75pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="216">脱氧核糖核酸</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 156pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.75pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="208">核糖核酸</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 15.75pt"><td colspan="4" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 90pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.75pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="120">组成元素</td><td colspan="3" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 318pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.75pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="424">C、H、O、N、P</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 14.25pt"><td rowspan="6" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 21.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="28"> 基本单位</td><td colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 68.7pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="92">名称</td><td colspan="3" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 318pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="424">核苷酸</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 13.5pt"><td colspan="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 162pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 13.5pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="216">脱氧核苷酸</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 156pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 13.5pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="208">核糖核苷酸</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 12.55pt"><td colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 21.3pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="28">成分</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 47.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="63">五碳糖</td><td colspan="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 162pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="216">脱氧核糖</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 156pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.55pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="208">核糖</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 14.25pt"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 47.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="63">磷酸</td><td colspan="3" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 318pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.25pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="424">磷酸</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 11.55pt"><td rowspan="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 47.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 11.55pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="63">含氮碱基</td><td colspan="3" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 318pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 11.55pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="424">腺嘌呤（A）、鸟嘌呤（G）、胞嘧啶（C）</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 11.7pt"><td colspan="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 162pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 11.7pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="216">胸腺嘧啶（T）</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 156pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 11.7pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="208">尿嘧啶（U）</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 11.7pt"><td colspan="4" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 90pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 11.7pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="120">合成需用的酶</td><td colspan="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 162pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 11.7pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="216">DNA聚合酶、DNA连接酶等</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 156pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 11.7pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="208">RNA聚合酶等</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 15pt"><td colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 90pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="120">空间结构</td><td colspan="3" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 318pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="424">每个核酸分子是由几十个乃至上亿个核苷酸连接形成的长链</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 15pt"><td colspan="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 162pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="216">规则的双螺旋结构</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 156pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="208">通常呈单链结构</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 15pt"><td colspan="4" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 90pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="120">种类</td><td colspan="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 162pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="216">通常只有1种</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 156pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="208">有mRNA、tRNA、rRNA三种</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 15pt"><td colspan="4" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 90pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="120">分布</td><td colspan="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 162pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="216">主要分布在细胞核中</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 156pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="208">主要分布在细胞质中</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 15pt"><td colspan="4" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 90pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="120">载体</td><td colspan="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 162pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="216">染色体，线粒体、叶绿体、质粒</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 156pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="208">线粒体、叶绿体、核糖体</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 15pt"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="36">鉴定</td><td colspan="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 63pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="84">试剂</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="108">甲基绿</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="108">二苯胺</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 156pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="208">吡罗红</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 15pt"><td colspan="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 63pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="84">现象</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="108">绿色</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="108">蓝色</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 156pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="208">红色</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 15pt"><td colspan="4" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 90pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="120">遗传物质</td><td colspan="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 162pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="216">具有细胞结构的生物（包括原核生物和真核生物）、DNA病毒</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 156pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="208">RNA病毒</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 15pt"><td colspan="4" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 90pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="120">遗传功能</td><td colspan="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 162pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="216">编码、复制遗传信息，控制蛋白质的合成。</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 156pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="208">将遗传信息冲DNA传递给蛋白质</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 15pt"><td colspan="4" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 90pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="120">关系</td><td colspan="3" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 318pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="424">一般情况下， RNA的合成都要受DNA的控制。</td></tr></tbody></table> 2.DNA的复制、转录和翻译的比较<table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1px solid; WIDTH: 414.65pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; MARGIN-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1px solid" width="553"><tbody><tr style="HEIGHT: 16.3pt"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 72.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 16.3pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="97">比较项目</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 125.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 16.3pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="167">DNA复制</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 111.85pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 16.3pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="149">转录</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 105.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 16.3pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="140">翻译</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 16.3pt"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 72.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 16.3pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="97">概念</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 125.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 16.3pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="167">以亲代DNA分子为模板，合成子代DNA分子的过程</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 111.85pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 16.3pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="149">以DNA双链中的一条链为模板，合成mRNA的过程</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 105.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 16.3pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="140">以mRNA为模板，合成具有一定氨基酸顺序的蛋白质的过程</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 12.9pt"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 72.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="97">场所</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 125.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="167">主要在细胞核中</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 111.85pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="149">主要在细胞核中</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 105.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="140">核糖体</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 12.9pt"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 72.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="97">时间</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 125.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="167">有丝分裂间期、减数第一次分裂间期</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 111.85pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="149">生长发育的连续过程中</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 105.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="140">生长发育的连续过程中</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 12.9pt"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 72.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="97">模板</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 125.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="167">DNA的每一条链</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 111.85pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="149">DNA的一条链</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 105.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="140">mRNA</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 12.2pt"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 72.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="97">原料</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 125.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="167">4种脱氧核苷酸</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 111.85pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="149">4种核糖核苷酸</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 105.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="140">20种氨基酸</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 12.2pt"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 72.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="97">酶</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 125.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="167">解旋酶、DNA聚合酶、DNA连接酶等</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 111.85pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="149">解旋酶、RNA聚合酶等</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 105.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="140">特定的酶</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 12.2pt"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 72.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="97">能量</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 125.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="167">ATP</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 111.85pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="149">ATP</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 105.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="140">ATP</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 12.2pt"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 72.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="97">条件</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 125.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="167">模板、原料、酶、能量、适宜的温度和pH等</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 111.85pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="149">模板、原料、酶、能量、适宜的温度和pH等</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 105.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 12.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="140">模板、原料、酶、能量、适宜的温度和pH、tRNA、核糖体等</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 10.85pt"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 72.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 10.85pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="97">碱基互补配对原则</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 125.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 10.85pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="167">G→C，C→GA→T，T→A</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 111.85pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 10.85pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="149">G→C，C→GA→U，T→A</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 105.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 10.85pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="140">G→C，C→GA→U，U→A</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 14.95pt"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 72.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="97">工具</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 125.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="167">——</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 111.85pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="149">——</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 105.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="140">tRNA</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 14.95pt"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 72.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="97">产物</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 125.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="167">子代DNA分子</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 111.85pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="149">mRNA</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 105.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="140">蛋白质(多肽)、水</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 14.95pt"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 72.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="97">产物去向</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 125.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="167">传递到子细胞中</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 111.85pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="149">离开细胞核，进入细胞质，最终分解成单个核苷酸</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 105.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="140">留在细胞中，构成细胞的结构蛋白和功能蛋白</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 14.95pt"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 72.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="97">特点</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 125.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="167">边解旋便复制，半保留复制</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 111.85pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="149">边解旋边转录</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 105.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="140">快速，一个mRNA可以相继结合多个核糖体，同时合成多条肽链</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 14.95pt"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 72.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="97">意义</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 125.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="167">将遗传信息由亲代传递给子代，从而保持了遗传信息的连续性</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 111.85pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="149">DNA把遗传信息传递给RNA</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 105.35pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.95pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="140">将遗传信息由mRNA传递给蛋白质</td></tr></tbody></table>3.遗传信息、密码子和反密码子的比较<table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1px solid; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; MARGIN-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1px solid"><tbody><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="82">比较项目</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 99pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="132">遗传信息</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 108pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="144">密码子</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 123.7pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="165">反密码子</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="82">概念</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 99pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="132">DNA上碱基对或脱氧核苷酸的排列顺序</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 108pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="144">mRNA上决定一个氨基酸或提供转录终止信号的3个相连的碱基</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 123.7pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="165">tRNA上的可以与mRNA上的密码子互补配对的3个碱基</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="82">种类</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 99pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="132">4n种（n为碱基对的数目）</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 108pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="144">64种，其中决定氨基酸的密码子有61种</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 123.7pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="165">61种</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="82">作用</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 99pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="132">间接决定蛋白质中氨基酸的排列顺序</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 108pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="144">直接控制蛋白质中氨基酸的排列顺序</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 123.7pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="165">识别并搬运由mRNA决定的特定的氨基酸</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="82">相关特性</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 99pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="132">具有多样性和特异性</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 108pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="144">一种密码子只能决定一种氨基酸，而一种氨基酸可能有一种或几种密码子</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 123.7pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top" width="165">一种tRNA只能识别和转运一种氨基酸，而一种氨基酸可以由一种或几种tRNA转运</td></tr></tbody></table>

页: [1]

人人终身学习知识网~是各类综合知识资源信息分享，提升综合素质与提高知识技能的终身学习网络平台's Archiver

基因指导蛋白质合成核心知识点列表梳理