基因指导蛋白质的合成教学设计
<p>1.教学重点</p><p>(1)了解基因控制蛋白质合成的中间物质──RNA的基本单位、化学组成和种类，以及它与DNA在组成、结构、功能和分布等方面的异同;</p><p>(2)理解基因表达的转录和翻译的概念和过程;</p><p>(3)比较转录和翻译的异同;</p><p>(4)认知和区分相关概念：遗传信息、遗传密码、反密码子;</p><p>(5)计算问题：基因(DNA)碱基、RNA碱基和氨基酸的对应关系。</p><p>2.教学重难点</p><p>(1)理解基因表达的转录和翻译的概念和过程</p><p>(2)认知和区分相关概念：遗传信息、遗传密码、反密码子;</p><p>(3)计算问题：基因(DNA)碱基、RNA碱基和氨基酸的对应关系，以图解方法解决。</p><p>3.教学建议</p><p>结合教材有关转录和翻译的图解或模型动画演示。</p><p>4.课时安排</p><p>3 课</p><p>5.教学过程</p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="WIDTH: 477pt" width="636"><tbody><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p align="center" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">学习阶段</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p align="center" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">教师组织和引导</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p align="center" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">学生活动</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p align="center" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">教学意图</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top"><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">导学</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">引入课题</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">学生自学</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">教师指导</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">学生自学</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; 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TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">思考讨论</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">与生活联系，激发学习和探究知识的兴趣</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">教师导学</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">设置问题情境</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; WIDTH: 225pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" width="300"><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">播放2分钟《侏罗纪公园》电影。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">提问：电影中的科学家是怎么使已灭绝的动物复活的？<br /> (回答:复活的恐龙是科学家利用提取恐龙的DNA培育繁殖而来的。)<br /> 教师引导：基因就像一张蓝图，生物体就是根据这张蓝图用蛋白质构建起来的。<br /> 思考：基因（DNA）在细胞核中，而蛋白质的合成是在细胞质的核糖体上进行的，在细胞核的基因如何控制在细胞质中的蛋白质的合成呢？<br /> 教师指出：在DNA和蛋白质之间，有一种中间物质──RNA充当信使。<br /> 复习旧知：两种核酸（DNA和RNA）在化学元素、基本单位、化学组成、结构、功能和分布等方面的区别<br /> （列表，阅读课文10分种，学生填写）<br /> 一、细胞中的两种核酸的比较</span></p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="WIDTH: 212.25pt" width="283"><tbody><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p> </p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p>DNA</p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p>RNA</p></td></tr><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">组成元素</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p>C<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span>H<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span>O<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span>N<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span>P</p></td></tr><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">基本单位</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">脱氧核苷酸（</span>4<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">种）</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">核糖核苷酸（</span>4<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">种）</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">化学组成</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">一分子磷酸</span><br /><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">脱氧核糖</span><br />A<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span>T<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span>C<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span>G</p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">一分子磷酸</span><br /><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">核糖</span><br />A<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span>U<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span>C<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</span>G</p></td></tr><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">结构</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">规则的双螺旋结构</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">一般单链结构</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">功能</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">编码复制遗传信息</span>,<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">控制蛋白质合成</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">传递遗传信息，并通过蛋白质表达出来</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">分布</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">细胞核的染色体</span>,<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">线粒体</span>,<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">叶绿体</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">细胞质的核糖体</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> <br /></span><br /><br /><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">另外，教师补充：RNA的在细胞中有三种：<br />mRNA（信使RNA），tRNA（专运RNA），rRNA（核糖体RNA）。<br /> 设问：DNA→RNA→蛋白质之间的关联？（学生阅读课文10分钟，小组发言。）<br /> </span><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">二、基因控制蛋白质合成过程</span></b><br /><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> </span></b><br /><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（一）转录：图示P63图4-4以DNA为模板转录RNA的图解。利用视频：显示转录过程。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> </span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">．定义：转录是在细胞核内进行的，是以DNA双链中的一条为模板，合成mRNA的过程。<br /> 2．过程：细胞中游离的核糖核苷酸与供转录用的DNA的一条链上的碱基互补配对，在RNA聚合酶的作用下，依次连接，形成一个mRNA分子。<br /> 3．小结：<br /> 场所：细胞核；<br /> 模板：DNA解旋，以其中一条有意义链为模板；<br /> 原料：4种核糖核苷酸（A、U、C、G）；<br /> 合成产物：单链的mRNA（信使RNA）；所需酶：RNA聚合酶。<br /> 设问：DNA的碱基与RNA的碱基如何互补配对？<br /> （二）翻译：图示P64图4-6蛋白质合成示意图。<br /> 1．密码子和反密码子的区分：<br /> 密码子：mRNA上三个相邻的碱基称为一个密码子。<br /> 反密码子：每个tRNA上的三个碱基，可以与mRNA上的密码子互补配对。<br /> tRNA（转运RNA）的特点：象三叶草的叶形，一端是3个碱基，另一端是携带氨基酸的部位（如图）。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> </span><br /><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">思考：mRNA的4种碱基如何决定20种氨基酸？<br /> 推理：1种碱基决定1种氨基酸？（不可能）<br /> 2个碱基决定1种氨基酸？（16种组合方式也不能决定20种氨基酸，不行。）<br /> 提出：mRNA上每3个相邻的碱基决定1个氨基酸。<br /> 小结：64种密码：61个编码控制20种氨基酸合成，另外3个（UAG、UAA、UGA）不编码任何氨基酸，而是合成蛋白质的终止信号又称终止密码。反密码子：61种tRNA。<br /> 游戏：请学生看图，想象一下核糖体这个生产车间是如何工作的？能否做一个模型显示出来？<br /> 2、翻译：<br /> 利用视频：显示翻译过程。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><br /> </span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（1）定义：游离在细胞质中的各种氨基酸，以mRNA为模板合成具有一定氨基酸顺序的蛋白质的过程。<br /> （2）过程：核糖体与mRNA的结合部位会形成2个tRNA的结合位点。第一个携带氨基酸的tRNA的碱基与mRNA的碱基互补配对，进入位点1。第二个携带氨基酸的tRNA的碱基与mRNA的碱基互补配对，进入位点2。两个氨基酸脱水缩合，第一个氨基酸通过肽键转移到位点2的tRNA上。核糖体沿着mRNA移动，位点1的tRNA离开核糖体，位点2的tRNA进入位点1，第三个携带氨基酸的tRNA的碱基与mRNA的碱基互补配对，进入位点2，继续肽链的合成，直到读取到mRNA的终止密码为止。一个mRNA分子可以与多个核糖体结合，同时进行多条肽链的合成。<br /> 肽链合成后，从核糖体与mRNA的复合物上脱落离，经过盘曲和折叠等方式形成具有一定空间结构和功能的蛋白质分子。<br /> （3）小结：<br /> 场所：细胞质的核糖体；<br /> 模板：以mRNA为模板；<br /> 原料：20种氨基酸（由tRNA搬运）；<br /> 合成：有一定氨基酸顺序的肽链。<br /> 设问：已知mRNA的碱基序列是A U G G A A G C A U G U C C G A G C A A G C C G，这mRNA上有多少个密码子？写出相应的反密码子，并根据密码子表，列出相应的氨基酸序列。<br /> 利用视频：显示蛋白质合成的全过程。（转录和翻译过程）<br /> 再次总结：<br /><br /> （三）比较复制，转录和翻译三个过程的差异：</span></p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="WIDTH: 216pt" width="288"><tbody><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p> </p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p>DNA<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">复制</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">转录</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">翻译</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">场所</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">细胞核</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">细胞核</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">核糖体</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">模板</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p>DNA<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">双链</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p>DNA<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">一条链</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p>mRNA</p></td></tr><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">原料</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p>4<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">种脱氧核苷酸</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p>4<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">种核糖核苷酸</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p>20<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">种氨基酸</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">合成</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p>DNA<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">分子</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p>mRNA</p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">肽链</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">特点</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">半保留复制，边解旋边复制</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">边解旋边转录</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">一个</span>mRNA<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">分子可以与多个核糖体结合</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> (</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">四)与蛋白质合成有关的计算：</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">思考：DNA的碱基、mRNA的碱基与氨基酸个数的关系？</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">小结：</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">DNA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的碱基数:m RNA的碱基数:蛋白质的氨基酸数= 6:3:1</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">反馈练习</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top"><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">学生观看</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">学生讨论，回答。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">学生思考：有中间物质传递信息。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">学生阅读课文，思考问题，并填写表。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; 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TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">学生思考，回答。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">学生思考</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">学生跟随教师讲解，理解翻译的过程。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">学生思考，回答。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">学生观看。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">学生思考，小组讨论，以小组发言。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">完成练习。</span></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" valign="top"><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">设计新情景，引入新内容的学习。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">通过阅读课文，进一步提高学生自学能力。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">学生将课文知识建立起有机的联系。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">教师导学，进一步掌握知识要点。<br />并利用教材中的图解，引导学生通过观察、思考、归纳获得知识。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">教师导学，帮助学生掌握知识要点。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">利用图解，引导学生通过观察、思考、归纳获得知识。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">使学生加深对基因表达过程的理解，为后两节学习做好铺垫。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">使学生通过解决问题，灵活运用知识。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">知识归纳。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">知识延伸。</span></p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"> </p><p align="left" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">巩固知识。</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table>
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