高考化学方程式非金属单质
<p>学习是充满思想的劳动。优学化学网为大家整理了高考化学方程式：非金属单质，让我们一起学习，一起进步吧！</p><p>非金属单质(F2，Cl2,O2,S,N2,P,C,Si，H)</p><p>1、氧化性：</p><p>F2+H2===2HF (阴暗处爆炸)</p><p>F2+Xe(过量)==XeF2</p><p>2F2(过量)+Xe==XeF4 (XeF4是强氧化剂，能将Mn2+氧化为MnO4–)</p><p>nF2+2M===2MFn(M表示大部分金属)</p><p>2F2+2H2O===4HF+O2 (水是还原剂)</p><p>2F2+2NaOH===2NaF+OF2+H2O</p><p>F2+2NaCl===2NaF+Cl2</p><p>F2+2NaBr===2NaF+Br2</p><p>F2+2NaI===2NaF+I2</p><p>7F2(过量)+I2===2IF7</p><p>F2+Cl2(等体积)===2ClF (ClF属于类卤素：ClF+H2O==HF+HClO )</p><p>3F2(过量)+Cl2===2ClF3 (ClF3+3H2O==3HF+HClO3 )</p><p>Cl2+H2 2HCl (将H2在Cl2点燃;混合点燃、加热、光照发生爆炸)</p><p>3Cl2+2P 2PCl3 Cl2+PCl3 PCl5 Cl2+2Na 2NaCl</p><p>3Cl2+2Fe 2FeCl3 Cl2+Cu CuCl2</p><p>Cl2+2FeCl2===2FeCl3 (在水溶液中：Cl2+2Fe2+===2Fe3++3Cl )</p><p>Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2 Cl2+2Br =2Cl +Br2</p><p>Cl2+2KI===2KCl+I2 Cl2+2I =2Cl +I2</p><p>3Cl2(过量)+2KI+3H2O===6HCl+KIO3</p><p>3Cl2+I–+3H2O=6H++6Cl–+IO3–</p><p>5Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HCl</p><p>5Cl2+I2+6H2O=10Cl–+IO3–+12H+</p><p>Cl2+Na2S===2NaCl+S↓ Cl2+S2–=2Cl–+S↓</p><p>Cl2+H2S===2HCl+S↓ (水溶液中：Cl2+H2S=2H++2Cl–+S↓</p><p>Cl2+SO2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HCl</p><p>Cl2+SO2+2H2O=4H++SO42–+2Cl–</p><p>Cl2+H2O2===2HCl+O2 Cl2+H2O2=2H++Cl–+O2</p><p>2O2+3Fe Fe3O4 O2+K===KO2</p><p>S+H2 H2S 2S+C CS2 S+Zn ZnS</p><p>S+Fe FeS (既能由单质制取，又能由离子制取)</p><p>S+2Cu Cu2S (只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取)</p><p>3S+2Al Al2S3 (只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取)</p><p>N2+3H2 2NH3 N2+3Mg Mg3N2 N2+3Ca Ca3N2</p><p>N2+3Ba Ba3N2 N2+6Na 2Na3N N2+6K 2K3N</p><p>N2+6Rb 2Rb3N N2+2Al 2AlN</p><p>P4+6H2 4PH3 P+3Na Na3P 2P+3Zn Zn3P2</p><p>H2+2Li 2LiH</p><p>2、还原性</p><p>S+O2 SO2</p><p>S+H2SO4(浓) 3SO2↑+2H2O</p><p>S+6HNO3(浓) H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O</p><p>S+4H++6==6NO2↑+2H2O+</p><p>3S+4HNO3(稀) 3SO2+4NO↑+2H2O</p><p>3S+4H++4 3SO2+4NO↑+2H2O</p><p>N2+O2 2NO</p><p>4P+5O2 P4O10(常写成P2O5)</p><p>2P+3X2 2PX3(X表示F2，Cl2，Br2)</p><p>PX3+X2 PX5</p><p>P4+20HNO3(浓) 4H3PO4+20NO2↑+4H2O</p><p>C+2F2 CF4</p><p>C+2Cl2 CCl4</p><p>C+O2(足量) CO2</p><p>2C+O2(少量) 2CO</p><p>C+CO2 2CO</p><p>C+H2O CO+H2(生成水煤气)</p><p>2C+SiO2 Si+2CO(制得粗硅)</p><p>Si(粗)+2Cl2 SiCl4</p><p>(SiCl4+2H2===Si(纯)+4HCl)</p><p>Si(粉)+O2 SiO2</p><p>Si+C SiC(金刚砂)</p><p>Si+2NaOH+H2O==Na2SiO3+2H2↑ (Si+2OH +H2O= +2H2↑)</p><p>3、歧化反应</p><p>Cl2+H2O==HCl+HClO(加碱或光照促进歧化： (Cl2+H2O H++Cl–+HClO)</p><p>Cl2+2NaOH==NaCl+NaClO+H2O (Cl2+2OH–=Cl–+ClO–+H2O)</p><p>Cl2+2Ca(OH)2==CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O (Cl2+2OH–=Cl–+ClO–+H2O)</p><p>3Cl2+6KOH(浓) 5KCl+KClO3+3H2O (3Cl2+6OH– 5Cl–+ClO3–+3H2O)</p><p>3S+6NaOH 2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O (3S+6OH– 2S2–+SO32–+3H2O)</p><p>4P+3KOH(浓)+3H2O==PH3↑+3KH2PO2 (4P+3OH–+3H2O==PH3↑+3H2PO2–)</p><p>11P+15CuSO4+24H2O==5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO4</p><p>3C+CaO CaC2+CO↑</p><p>3C+SiO2 SiC+2CO↑</p>
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