氯化铁催化过氧化氢分解实验的异常现象探究
<p><font size="3">本资料由优学化学网为您整理提供：</font></p><p><font style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal"><font color="#202300" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">氯化铁催化过氧化氢分解实验的异常现象探究</font></font><font style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal"><font color="#202300" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;">（董葵娜 <wbr> <wbr> 浙江省奉化中学 <wbr>）</wbr></wbr></wbr></font></font></p><p><wbr><p><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><p align="left" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; font-family: simsun; word-wrap: normal; white-space: normal; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal"> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> 苏教版化学2（必修）第29页[实验3]：用氯化铁作催化剂探究不同浓度的过氧化氢分解反应速率的快慢。笔者在实验过程中发现异常现象：将几滴氯化铁溶液滴到5mL双氧水溶液中，溶液颜色立刻变为棕黄色。双氧水是无色的，0.2mol/L的氯化铁溶液是黄色的，怎么两者加在一起就变为棕黄色了呢？对此，笔者有各种猜想，并用实验加以验证。</wbr></wbr></wbr></font></p><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><p align="center" style="text-align: center; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; font-family: simsun; word-wrap: normal; white-space: normal; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal"> <wbr> <wbr> 猜想一、双氧水分解是放热反应，温度升高，促使Fe<sup>3+</sup>水解为Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>，棕黄色是由Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>引起的。 <wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></font></p><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><p> </p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: center; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px auto; display: block; font-size: 14px; font-family: simsun; white-space: normal; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);"><tbody><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" valign="top" width="295"><p align="center" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal">实验过程</font></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" valign="top" width="228"><p align="left" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal">实验现象</font></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" valign="top" width="72"><p align="left" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal">结论</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" valign="top" width="295"><p align="left" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal">取一支试管加入5mL12%过氧化氢溶液，置于冰水中，滴入5滴氯化铁溶液</font></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" valign="top" width="228"><p align="left" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal">产生少量气泡，溶液变为棕黄色</font></p></td><td rowspan="4" style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" width="72"><p align="left" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal">溶液呈现棕黄色，并不是由Fe<sup>3+</sup>水解引起的。</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" valign="top" width="295"><p align="left" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal">取一支试管加入5mL12%过氧化氢溶液，置于热水中，滴入5滴氯化铁溶液</font></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" valign="top" width="228"><p align="left" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal">产生大量气泡，溶液变为棕黄色</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" valign="top" width="295"><p align="left" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal">取一支试管加入5mL12%过氧化氢溶液，滴入5滴氯化铁溶液，测量温度</font></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" valign="top" width="228"><p align="left" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal">产生少量气泡，溶液变为棕黄色，经过3分钟温度由14.9℃上升到15.7℃</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" valign="top" width="295"><p align="left" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal">取一支试管加10mL0.2mol/L氯化铁溶液，置于30℃的水浴中，经过3分钟</font></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" valign="top" width="228"><p align="left" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal">溶液颜色几乎无变化</font></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p align="center" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; font-family: simsun; word-wrap: normal; white-space: normal; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"> <wbr></wbr></font></p><wbr><wbr><p align="center" style="text-align: center; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; font-family: simsun; word-wrap: normal; white-space: normal; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal"> <wbr> <wbr> 猜想二、过氧化氢中有碱性物质，导致Fe<sup>3+</sup>与OH-结合为Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>，棕黄色是由Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>引起的。</wbr></wbr></font><font color="#202300" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"> <wbr></wbr></font></p><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><p> </p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: center; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px auto; display: block; font-size: 14px; font-family: simsun; white-space: normal; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);"><tbody><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" valign="top" width="223"><p align="left" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal">实验步骤</font></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" valign="top" width="202"><p align="left" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal">现象</font></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" valign="top" width="170"><p align="left" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal">结论</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" valign="top" width="223"><p align="left" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal">用玻璃棒蘸取12%过氧化氢溶液，点在PH试纸上</font></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" valign="top" width="202"><p align="left" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal">试纸显橙红色</font></p></td><td style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, 宋体, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" valign="top" width="170"><p align="left" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 5px; word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal;"><font color="#202300" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WORD-WRAP: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; WORD-BREAK: normal">过氧化氢中无碱性物质存在，溶液为弱酸性。</font></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p>
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