高中化学实验 氢气的制取及性质
<p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">本实验包括制取氢气和试验氢气的性质两部分内容。氢气是一种易燃、易爆气体，在做实验时要特别注意，在点燃前必须验纯。实验前应认真预习实验内容。</span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">实验目的</span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">1．练习实验室制取氢气和检验氢气纯度的方法。</span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">2．通过实验，加深对氢气性质的认识。</span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">实验用品</span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">试管、烧杯、酒精灯、铁架台（带铁夹）、单孔橡皮塞、玻璃导管、胶皮管、水槽。</span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">锌粒、稀硫酸（1∶4）/(1)/、氧化铜。</span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">火柴。</span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">实验步骤</span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">1．制取氢气和检验氢气的纯度</span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">在实验室里，利用锌粒跟稀硫酸起反应制取氢气。制取少量氢气常常用图24所示的简易装置。</span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></span></p><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-type: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></p><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><p><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">检验氢气纯度的方法是：收集一试管氢气，试管口朝下，用拇指堵住，移近火焰，移开拇指点火，如果听到尖锐的爆鸣声，表明氢气不纯，需要再收集、再检验。如果发出的是噗噗的声音，表明氢气已纯净。如果用向下排空气法收集氢气，经检验不纯而需要再检验时，应该用拇指堵住试管口一会儿，然后再收集氢气检验纯度，直到纯净了才能继续做其它实验。</span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">(1)按图24所示，把装置连接好，并检验装置的气密性。</span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">(2)在试管里放入约5克锌粒，然后注入约占试管1/3容积的稀硫酸。立即用带有导管的橡皮塞塞住管口，并把试管固定在铁架台上。</span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">(3)用排水法收集氢气，检验氢气的纯度，直到试管里收集到的氢气已经纯净时，才能做后面的实验。</span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">2．试验氢气的化学性质</span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">(1)氢气的可燃性</span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">用火柴点燃导管口的氢气，仔细观察氢气的火焰。用干燥的小烧杯罩在氢气的火焰上（图25），观察烧杯内壁有什么现象出现。</span><br style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></span></p><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-type: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></p>
页:
[1]