广东省深圳市2021届中考化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>化学在我们的日常生活中随处可见,下列说法错误的是( )<br>A.天然气燃烧是物理变化<br>B.使用可降解塑料可以减少“白色污染”<br>C.棉花里的纤维素是有机物<br>D.用洗洁精清洗餐具上的油污会出现乳化现象<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/cbba00a806654f5988b60e0a44f090fc/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列化学用语正确的是( )<br>A.汞元素hg<br>B.五氧化二磷<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/2AEAA4622C944BEE2350C1EFDAC2C8B9.png"><br>C.钠离子<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/81AD82DA7073960281EC90D5A547E2D1.png"><br>D.镁在氧气中燃烧的方程式<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/3DD41FC22B4862B1A8BA1633D0EDEFC2.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/a50ad259bacf4fd2b07be1a70595cd76/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>量取2mLNaOH溶液,下列操作错误的是( )<br>A.倾倒液体<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/CC221F2BDC8A5DE186AEA223814BF8F1.png"><br>B.量取液体<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/80AAAD6E656676B7A9DB380A8F3B51F6.png"><br>C.滴加液体<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/FC6A929CFC5335C80CC6021F22BC54C8.png"><br>D.加热液体<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/912EFD6335E3F9FA92282D58E62CF94C.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/724c41ad74fe4de5a6792b2933895c9c/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>硅和锗都是良好的半导体材料。已知锗原子序数为32,相对原子质量为72.59。以下说法错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/0D1AB45442E26CA53479DF83E3D76DE3.png"><br>A.硅为非金属<br>B.硅的相对原子质量为28.09<br>C.①为72.59<br>D.锗原子是由原子核和核外电子构成的<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/cd1a888f6b2d4f398d3130e77ea9b89b/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>水是生活中最常见与最重要的物质,下列说法正确的是( )<br>A.人体的必须:水是人体中重要的营养剂<br>B.生活的必须:由汽油引起的大火用水来扑灭<br>C.实验的必须:溶液的溶剂一定是水<br>D.实验的认识:电解水说明了水是由<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/BDF900345AF09A3015F45B2669FF3895.png"><br>与<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>组成的<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/0c0d6c3cb51f4d89bc7107c35d9efefa/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>如图所示,下列说法错误的( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/73CBB1E7984AA61D8504EE9DF6581EFC.png"><br>A.反应Ⅰ前后原子数目不变<br>B.反应中甲与乙的分子个数比为1:1<br>C.反应Ⅱ丙中N的化合价-3价<br>D.想要得到更多<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/BDF900345AF09A3015F45B2669FF3895.png"><br>,应减少反应Ⅱ的发生<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/2cb50fd5f59d40f6baaeeb027259e5bd/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>如图所示实验,下列说法错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/781BA0E3787D8CC148E9332C2C99240A.png"><br>A.由甲图可知,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>占空气质量的21%<br>B.由乙图可知,白磷燃烧需要和空气接触<br>C.薄铜片上的白磷燃烧,冒出白烟<br>D.点燃红磷后,要迅速放入集气瓶中<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f0b26c0d5a5a4368885c64fc9c8c047d/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>抗坏血酸是一种食品保鲜剂,下列有关说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/60EAA69389A81C32926B07FA07D3219C.png"><br>A.抗坏血酸和脱氢抗坏血酸都是氧化物<br>B.抗坏血酸由6个C原子、8个H原子、6个O原子构成<br>C.脱氢抗坏血酸中C、H、O元素质量比为1:1:1<br>D.物质中,C元素质量分数:抗坏血酸<脱氢抗坏血酸<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f0e3248e59474f03affc17c2092c3e6c/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>以下实验方案错误<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/8DB170136294345756639DAE736C3D59.png"><br>是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>实验目的<br>实验方案<br>A<br>除去红墨水中的色素<br>过滤<br>B<br>区分<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>和空气<br>将燃着的木条伸入集气瓶<br>C<br>区分真黄金与假黄金<br>放在空气中灼烧<br>D<br>比较Ag与Cu的活泼性<br>把洁净铜丝放入<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/8A763D71E086C83FA2DCFA8805132E5B.png"><br>中<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/feb9d2fc33b94f10aa2a822ffce6a7a9/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>有关如图溶解度曲线,下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/8673A7B604C8A779D99F4DECB0981A46.png"><br>A.甲、乙、丙三种物质的溶解度关系为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/CC074F2FCE91C42A96B23D12A46BA3DE.png"><br>B.乙物质的溶解度随温度变化最大<br>C.27℃时,往26g丙里加100g水,形成不饱和溶液<br>D.33℃时,甲乙两种物质溶解度相等<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/6543ea07c257412f96ce9e40088f85c8/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>小明在探究稀硫酸性质时,下列说法正确的是( )<br>A.稀<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/022320F764A526311DCDA3EBFFF86FEA.png"><br>与紫色石蕊试液反应后,溶液变蓝<br>B.若能与X反应制取H2,则X是Cu<br>C.和金属氧化物反应,有盐和水生成<br>D.若与Y发生中和反应,则Y一定是NaOH<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/08e2a9a63f8f4302b63bd4fbf2be814a/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列说法错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/F18E7FD542B5CA8AB4A7DF62C0118F19.png"><br>A.铁钉是由铁合金制成的<br>B.根据甲图,铁钉生锈过程中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>体积不变<br>C.根据甲图,铁钉在潮湿环境更容易生锈<br>D.根据乙图,铁钉生锈过程中温度升高<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/cba0294e9f314841a58a2628db3982f8/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>如图实验装置,完成实验。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/9CB0D425A1CB1D88DF900AE3D39CC664.png"><br>1.X的名称______。<br>2.用固体混合物制取<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>,选用______装置(选填“A”“B”“C”)3.用B装置制<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>的化学反应方程式______,用以下装置制取干燥<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>气体。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/45E96316E4102C8D8283149E72FB2D12.png"><br>4.制取干燥<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>气体,导管口a接______(选填“b”或“c”)。5.写出实验室制取<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>的化学方程式______。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ea1043bc7dad48bdbfd77ad7440f845d/A2C09E017B68152E25A280F94CEA9C86.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>用如图所示装置进行实验:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/8CF8E7CDE199C8A90D98D83E541A8D15.png"><br>.<br>丙装置作用<br>______<br>.<br>如乙中澄清石灰水变浑浊,甲中发生反应的化学方程式为<br>______<br>.<br>探究反应后甲中黑色固体成分。<br>已知:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/E1C68AD0DB83D1586FF758CDE81245FE.png"><br>不与<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/AF154872D0EC786CACF677FD6F562EED.png"><br>反应。<br>猜想<br>一<br>:黑色固体成分为<br>Fe<br>;<br>猜想二:黑色固体成分为<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/E1C68AD0DB83D1586FF758CDE81245FE.png"><br>;<br>猜想三:<br>______<br>步骤<br>一<br>:<br><tbody><br>加热<br>/s<br>通入<br>CO/s<br>样品<br><br>A<br><br>B<br>180<br>C<br></tbody><br>步骤二:向样品<br>A<br>、<br>B<br>、<br>C<br>中分别加入足量<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/AF154872D0EC786CACF677FD6F562EED.png"><br>溶液。<br><tbody><br>样品<br>现象<br>结论<br>A<br>无明显现象<br>______<br>正确<br>B<br>有红色固体析出,有少量黑色固体剩余<br>______<br>正确<br>C<br>______<br>,无黑色固体剩余<br>______<br>正确<br></tbody><br>若通入<br>CO<br>时间为<br>90s<br>,要得到纯铁粉,则加热时间<br>______s<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/8e69793c4327483f8cdeb01074ff95be/C4EBDE2C38DE7F53885A718E98E61A4C.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>某科学兴趣小组,用废渣(主要为<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/C33BDE800D867632B103C25FB2DA0A2F.png"><br>,还含有<br>C<br>、<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/81E02897460BEC9D2C34F1614A4CC31C.png"><br>、<br>MgO<br>等少量杂质)去制作<br>CaCl<br>,反应过程如图所示。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/C5C2ED2B7AC2BBF90676D1009500BC64.png"><br>1.Ⅰ过程中加过量稀盐酸溶液的目的是______。<br>2.Ⅰ过程中MgO发生反应的化学反应方程式______,此反应为______反应(填基本反应类型)。3.滤渣①的成分为______(填化学式);4.X溶液为______(填化学式);5.NaCl在生活中的用处:______(写一例)。6.已知<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/B24F7CDE6AD9E94EFD42E801F850ED99.png"><br>与焦炭、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/E7F84554363873C895F5F0E0D07364D2.png"><br>在高温下生成<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/56D2A73F2531F3EB6732E1B05B2AEE20.png"><br>和CO和CaS,写出该反应的方程式:______。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/970b460e7f724a9f84c4550e663aea5e/26CEFC44CBB2C1FA96FF88ED132903A2.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：中等<br>质量相等的两份<br>Zn<br>粉,分别与质量相同、质量分数不同的稀盐酸反应。<br>1.配制盐酸时有白雾,说明盐酸具有_______________性。<br>2.两种稀盐酸反应生成氢气的图象如图所示,两种稀盐酸的浓度比较:Ⅰ% _______________Ⅱ%(填“>”“<”“=”)。氢气的体积所对应的质量如下表:<br><tbody><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/BDF900345AF09A3015F45B2669FF3895.png"><br>(V/L)<br>1.11<br>1.67<br>2.22<br>2.78<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/BDF900345AF09A3015F45B2669FF3895.png"><br>(m/g)<br>0.10<br>0.15<br>0.20<br>0.25<br></tbody><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/CCD98B28EDD516753B568B33A0999934.png"><br>3.恰好反应完全,产生<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/13/BDF900345AF09A3015F45B2669FF3895.png"><br>的质量为_______________g。4.完全反应时,加入稀盐酸Ⅱ的质量为100g,求稀盐酸Ⅱ中溶质的质量分数。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b1e50a9506b34c6dacc6dff235dc8a50/E42FED9FEF11604C0286A90D43B985F5.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>
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