admins 发表于 2021-8-18 20:03:15

广西省桂林市2021届中考化学试卷

※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>2021年4月习近平总书记考察桂林时指出:“桂林是一座山水甲天下的旅游名城,这是大自然赐予中华民族的一块宝地,一定要呵护好。”下列做法不符合这一要求的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.加强植树造林&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.严禁乱采石挖沙<br>C.随意堆放垃圾&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.加强空气质量监测<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5323d0efa693408b89a503cc84822be5/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>下列空气成分中能供给呼吸的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.氮气&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.氧气&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.二氧化碳&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.稀有气体<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/687e45178a554637ae9df1a9921c129a/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>下列变化过程中,一定有化学变化的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.纸张燃烧&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.冰雪融化&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.玻璃破碎&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.汽油挥发<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3a9b550e4bfe41b696fa81e7fc481fae/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>下列实验操作正确的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/D3D93EA1F91DACEF190035A8D2108D4F.png"><br>点燃酒精灯<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/4BEF7DD2D3939524EF69B7D57B66FBBC.png"><br>加块状固体<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/DDD9C8929405064E4C80A68CFD8817FF.png"><br>加热液体<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/EA0AB0C30070E4A9FB9F25DE2A86F8F9.png"><br>闻气味<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/7bae38e66ae8456aa2857f76455313c0/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>为了防止骨质疏松症,医生建议适量补充的元素是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.铁&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.碘&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.钙&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.锌<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/0b3f61155a934fbeacb8f4ca78cefe77/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>俗称“干冰”的物质是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.二氧化锰&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.固体二氧化碳<br>C.氢氧化钙&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.碳酸钠<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5eed76c815664272bfe66c36ed6e171a/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>下列元素中属于非金属元素的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.碳&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.银&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.镁&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.钾<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/fd584bc194384a28a96cf489efde6dfd/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>含氟牙膏能防止龋齿。这里的“氟”指的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.原子&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.分子&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.元素&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.单质<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/39e9fd735ac5419395119b6b12a06591/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>下列金属活动性最强的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.钠&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.铝&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.铁&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.铜<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/382e87816b134addafa8ce3426132a6d/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>下列物质加入水中,不能形成溶液的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.白糖&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.花生油&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.食盐&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.味精<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/09b3bfb31d2f4913981c273987965b98/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>测定某溶液的pH,可用下列哪种仪器取该溶液滴到pH试纸上(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/AD86CD106FC9D1345B78A6919AD74E60.png"><br>胶头滴管<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/D99998208FCE42A7A44C5415008FF053.png"><br>集气瓶<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/3C783D219CC4EDDE4CD22D8956FD2A35.png"><br>试管<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/5FA64D309459DC5209C7BAE8325ABA9C.png"><br>药匙<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9835ab2cf61541f089eaa896a1f1ad19/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>下列物质不属于有机物的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.葡萄糖(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/D9C8A325A40FCE65D56382110E504339.png"><br>)<br>B.乙醇(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/3F07E94D7ECB10A9E43EEDDD27705AA4.png"><br>)<br>C.乙酸(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/84F455FD7DDF3C9FCE0A5202A131A54F.png"><br>)<br>D.水(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/AA5DD1505F1D7A06A012CABC988FF45C.png"><br>)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9fe29cf5c651484088fd514c250e6554/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>下列化肥中属于钾肥的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.尿素&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.氯化钾&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.磷酸钙&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.碳酸氢铵<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3d55bedfa435460e9d8d3055a3381d92/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>不慎将少量酒精洒到桌面上着火了,用湿抹布覆盖能灭火的主要原因是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.降低着火点&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.清除可燃物<br>C.隔氧又降温&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.产生二氧化碳<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/37ae1f3af2be4a8c9871b9293ddde07a/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>密闭容器中发生的某化学反应,各物质的分子数目随时间变化情况如图1所示,物质Y和Z的质量随时间变化情况如图2所示。下列说法正确的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/4ED1B05764D211AF1E211CDF62150BD5.png"><br>A.该反应前后分子总数保持不变<br>B.参加反应的X与Y的质量比为2:7<br>C.该反应的化学方程式可表示为2X+Y=Z<br>D.若Z的相对分子质量为17,则Y的相对分子质量为28<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3276dcf75f9b48a18e1f5dfab20a0e9e/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:填空题※知识点:填空题※试题难度:较易<br>用化学用语填空。<br>1.氮原子&nbsp;;<br>2.镁元素;3.钠离子&nbsp;;4.五氧化二磷;5.7个硫原子&nbsp;。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/865db460d2034760a0bbb1754ba5527a/625B5972DE74724EE39A4FAAB01A9216.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:填空题※知识点:填空题※试题难度:较易<br>下列是一些与人类的生产、生活密切相关的物质。<br>A.75%<br>的酒精溶液;<br>B.<br>铝;<br>C.<br>一氧化碳;<br>D.<br>氢氧化钙;<br>E.<br>氯化钠;<br>F.<br>碳酸氢钠<br>请选择适当的物质,用其字母序号填空。<br>(<br>)<br>可用作食品调味。<br>(<br>)<br>可用于工业冶炼铁。<br>(<br>)<br>可用于制作炊具。<br>(<br>)<br>可用于改良酸性土壤。<br>(<br>)医院常用<br>消毒杀菌。<br>(<br>)制作馒头过程中加入<br>使蒸好的馒头疏松多孔。<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/60cde6a6a4204eb094fded26e51ed1c8/FD40D94F465683CB2BB626CCB272C974.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:填空题※知识点:填空题※试题难度:较易<br>高铁已是我国的名片。结合如图所示信息回答问题。<br>(<br>)石墨作电刷通过电网给动车供电,说明它有良好的<br>_<br>____________<br>性。<br>(<br>)动车车身使用的材料中属于有机合成材料的是<br>_<br>____________<br>(<br>)动车车身表面防锈采用的方法是<br>_<br>____________<br>(<br>)制造铁轨的锰钢是一种铁合金,与纯铁相比,其硬度更<br>_<br>____________<br>(填“大”或“小”)。<br>(<br>)乘客小林的午餐有:红烧肉、米饭、青菜和矿泉水。<br>①小林的午餐食品中富含维生素的是<br>_<br>____________<br>②空塑料矿泉水瓶应放入<br>_<br>____________<br>(填“可回收”或“不可回收”)垃圾箱中。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/ED624047A4D4CA8DBA8D53822D8C4E8A.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/da309a4045e74cc7922002bf7a24ecb8/619E193F30BEC94C87F59E0EBB770CB5.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:填空题※知识点:填空题※试题难度:中等<br>我们在生活和化学实验活动中经常用到水或溶液。<br>1.硬水有害。区分硬水与软水的方法是向水样中滴加适量的____________,搅拌,若水样中出现较多泡沫,则水样为____________。家用净水器中的活性炭____________(填“能”或“不能”)将硬水软化。<br>2.如图是A、B两种固体物质的溶解度曲线。①<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/427B1B5C2818448CE85E00E7373466A3.png"><br>时物质A溶解度____________(填“等于”、“大于”或“小于”)物质B溶解度。②要从物质B的饱和溶液中得到其晶体,一般采用____________(填“冷却”或“蒸发溶剂”)结晶法。③<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/F6E20041569242D29171C620FDA4DDBB.png"><br>时物质A的饱和溶液的溶质质量分数为____________(结果精确到0.1%)。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/A6F82F7ACB0D374799A1D1ACB4931F7F.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3d62ee476d1e4a3dba41d71a2d5a4582/432313E08FC588DB2412178D8A02354B.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:填空题※知识点:填空题※试题难度:中等<br>早在战国时期,《周礼?考工记》就记载了我国劳动人民制取<br>KOH<br>以漂洗丝帛的工艺。大意是:先将干燥的木头烧成灰(含<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/2AF4B38ED3DA4A0676087C3FEA1A2926.png"><br>),用其灰汁浸泡丝帛,再加入石灰即可。如图为模拟<br>该法制<br>取<br>KOH<br>的工艺流程。请回答有关问题。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/07D0027D483D61B71505688059FAFA25.png"><br>1.桂林有丰富的石灰石资源,石灰石的主要成分是。<br>2.实验室里进行操作②、操作③均用到的玻璃仪器是。3.“反应池”中发生主要反应的化学方程式是。4.“制浆”中发生反应的基本反应类型是。5.流程中可循环使用的物质是。6.“燃烧窑”中产生的热量可供煅烧和操作&nbsp;(填“①”、“②”或“③”)利用。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/73b988532b5b4f24bfdad1e20efea1e1/CCE8FC37786D3062A9FFE81A0EDC8684.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:实验题※知识点:实验题※试题难度:中等<br>根据下列装置图回答问题。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/D36DCCFE6C924FBEF6A09460B8E3CCE5.png"><br>1.实验室里把装置&nbsp;___(填序号)与&nbsp;连接可制取并收集<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>或<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br>。<br>2.将燃着的木条放在收集<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>的集气瓶口,若出现的现象,说明<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>已集满。3.选用装置A制取<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br>的药品是。4.装置E中,若观察到蜡烛燃烧更旺,集气瓶收集到的气体是&nbsp;,由此说明该气体具有的性质有&nbsp;(填一点即可)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4641181afb5f4bfdb7bf04c582b037e3/4BF83D5D1E964034B69A4FB42E6A4CA0.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:计算题※知识点:计算题※试题难度:较易<br>实验室里用<br>8.0g<br>粗锌与足量稀硫酸反应制得氢气<br>0.2g<br>,该反应的化学方程式为<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/7CE62A84A476E92CB4E89C69C9C75D6C.png"><br>(粗锌所含的杂质不跟稀硫酸反应)。<br>1.硫酸(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/12/5B8A0DA17C2201985CAAC04144C22122.png"><br>)中S、O元素质量比是&nbsp;。<br>2.列式计算粗锌中锌的质量分数。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/1faae6fe284e4263bfcbc4f244e4a0c3/34665F28D4F55D4C2EDFEC9C598DF8F7.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>
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