（7）综合疑难攻略——2021-2022学年九年级下册化学人教版盐和化肥专题速练
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列物质属于碱的是( )<br>A.生石灰 B.纯碱 C.碳酸钙 D.氨水<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/4e37402e8f834bdb87f71e97c5f27366/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/686f6487f415433a95ff7db610acea80/68163BD9F9DA129510CDCE2A46F6BCAF.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列有关盐的说法正确的是( )<br>A.食盐不是盐<br>B.纯碱不是碱<br>C.盐的组成中一定含有金属元素<br>D.某固体能与稀盐酸反应产生气体,证明该固体中一定含<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/2A0A60180BB80B9CFC04AAFBF50EB469.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/e42fabde72e04cdda812ba2e437eb4e7/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/675821e0d2fa4dc9ba36d6225c79777c/28F4EDF10C881BE9A21BC5A756CD839A.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列关于复分解反应的说法,一定正确的是( )<br>A.反应物为酸和碱 B.伴随有明显现象<br>C.不可能同时生成两种沉淀 D.元素化合价不变<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/ec07e67e499e4b1ba9105c4778e7b853/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/00404aeadde042f1aac8b0be31db415b/DF646E105F44C0D4E2725D2F4E928B29.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>甲、乙、丙有如图所示的转化关系(“→”表示反应一步实现,部分物质和反应条件已略去),下列各组物质按照甲、乙、丙的顺序不符合要求的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/A664DD8FA0F1F74DD7E86F6631782AE8.png"><br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/F2AE717BDEE921DB66B35DD1E0B802B0.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/C43D44F6F74C5D80173083555C179862.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/1AB042002BDB29F201630F6737B90041.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/A956F61EB695AFA257C0DE9B9DFE1066.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/34dec2a3b47b47ca8b7f51e45b092076/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/0e31affe84ba44c7ba3efcc74eba510e/2F69EDC6F1D0125EA02DA476082D0A4F.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>忘盖瓶塞的氢氧化钠溶液可能变质。下表中分析与设计错误的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>问题<br>分析与设计<br>A<br>为何变质<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/5F2EBD6C564BAB4CB2154B697EE868EF.png"><br>B<br>是否变质<br>取样,加入足量稀盐酸,观察是否产生气泡<br>C<br>是否全部变质<br>取样,加入足量氯化钙溶液,观察产生沉淀多少<br>D<br>如何除去杂质<br>取样,加入适量氢氧化钙溶液,过滤<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.DA<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/87c6f2ddc17f4b1aa7d087634dca87dc/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/1818ee98513e49dbbbfe284307cb6776/537A2AF270D6A633BF7FA989CB720A5E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列各组物质不能实现所示的转化关系的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/19/EFE75FAD1264D6A8D2103FF2B8E66008.png"><br><tbody><br>选项<br>甲<br>乙<br>A<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/19/4291691F67BE513204B38B2B82064543.png"><br>稀硫酸<br>B<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/19/F6CFD688F488964D4928A265FEAE48CC.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/19/22E31F776370366F790221CF4E7FC96B.png"><br>溶液<br>C<br>稀盐酸<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/19/899E87B27F1236109AC87103F2D31DB2.png"><br>溶液<br>D<br>稀盐酸<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/19/C09DD76B9792A4D62AC4145DC76E807C.png"><br>溶液<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/1137801a4c5c4f43b4f7544289c953b0/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/ed6b3399a2694664b8cb8105287f1791/A3D91F8DDED65FD92D30F3ECAFF97B00.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列实验中玻璃棒不是用来搅拌的是( )<br>A.稀释浓硫酸 B.测定溶液pH C.蒸发食盐水 D.溶解蔗糖<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/141eaa46b0774063bc1b76420ec5a749/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/5917a3b812514e969db8d77eb3246a62/9544A16B424AEE052D21A30DB3EF2D6C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列有关叙述对应的化学方程式、所属基本反应类型都正确的是( )<br>A.用碳酸氢钠治疗胃酸过多<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/A0C2955CD02616F1C4C7B7F36B1EB97A.png"><br>复分解反应<br>B.细铁丝在氧气中燃烧<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/4D84D3D77DF0D0C0EA5B9491E802888E.png"><br>氧化反应<br>C.铝与硫酸铜溶液反应<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/0083680FBFF39EB94604A412F9E6A1AE.png"><br>置换反应<br>D.二氧化碳与澄清石灰水反应<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/762A151019B50E04EE9985E6B8DBC8C7.png"><br>中和反应<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/78c1a31dc3344974a3704239df63a42c/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/8e9f0be866ec49faa9a5350103787f16/50ABF40429DE8DE91ABA91076646B377.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列实验方案能达到实验目的的是( )<br>A.鉴别KCl和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/1B0D100CD07DE02C2FD1479964DC1EEE.png"><br>两种化肥:取样,加入适量熟石灰研磨<br>B.检验NaOH溶液部分变质:取样,加入少量<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/12F5C4AC564AD3765E56094E20CC81FF.png"><br>溶液<br>C.除去<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/CB7E7C4BEEFBEBF27159F2B985D9C3A2.png"><br>溶液中混有的少量盐酸:加入过量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/899E87B27F1236109AC87103F2D31DB2.png"><br>溶液<br>D.配制溶质质量分数为5%的KCl溶液:称取5gKCl,放入100mL水中搅拌溶解<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/6658f3fbcc1a4b20b646d2f7433b5ca3/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/3b0b70cfbfef492fbf27d66e41fa4909/7CF05CD2FF74F06220700CEFE0F9BFE2.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>对于反应“甲+乙→丙+丁”,下列推断正确的是( )<br>A.该反应一定在溶液中进行<br>B.若甲、乙都是可溶性化合物,则丙、丁不可能都是沉淀<br>C.若丙、丁分别代表盐和水,则甲、乙中一定有一种物质为酸<br>D.若该反应是复分解反应且丙为不溶性碱,则反应物中一定有可溶性的盐<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/8d55f322a26a44378ae6cdb71b3388ba/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/4cdd32928b27415184e5f399ff35c56e/CD656A5ED66EAC93E2889EB69B4FF62F.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列图像分别与选项中的操作相对应,其中合理的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/AF1EC151B84F64932F1DAF6CC393B514.png"><br>A.向pH为13的氢氧化钠溶液中加水<br>B.向一定质量二氧化锰固体中加一定质量过氧化氢溶液<br>C.温度不变,向一定质量饱和氢氧化钙溶液中加入氧化钙<br>D.向一定质量硫酸和硫酸铜的混合溶液中加入氢氧化钠溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/e21e9873eaf740a5827a8629c0c9a73f/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/853b8c9cdd7c4d4ab767617965c58213/0392D28CC4B1FE84AF542EB2B4121D63.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>A~H<br>均是初中化学常见物质,下图所示是它们之间的相互转化关系。其中<br>C<br>可用于配制生理盐水,<br>H<br>是石灰石的主要成分。请回答下列问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/A82C2F99D1254746B1C5980652C09C6F.png"><br>1.H的化学式为_________________。<br>2.F的一种用途是_________________。3.反应③的基本反应类型为_________________。4.反应①的化学方程式为_________________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/65be9a2ff5a445b0a4daef876dbab8ae/293A94DC36D69211B996F5BFBE41D51E.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/86a793697e574414b74fbda0b681cd77/82F247E67E32456AAF3B527BEDA891F3.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>在“宏观<br>一<br>微观<br>一<br>符号”之间建立联系,是化学学科特有的思维方式,能帮助我们更好地认识物质变化的本质。由初中化学知识可知:中和反应的微观实质是氢离子和氢氧根离子结合生成了水分子,即:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/5F112A1D3284EE80B0BE67BAC561FA2F.png"><br>。像这种用实际参加反应的离子符号来表示化学反应的式子叫离子方程式。离子方程式的书写一般按以下步骤(以氯化镁溶液与氢氧化钾溶液反应为例):<br>Ⅰ<br>.<br>写出氯化镁溶液与氢氧化钾溶液反应的化学方程式<br>_<br>_______________________<br>;<br>Ⅱ<br>.<br>把易溶于水、易电离的物质写成离子形式,难溶的物质、气体和水等仍用化学式表示。上述化学方程式可改写成:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/79BFFB9C2C74E13C30A4FA923BEFD441.png"><br>;<br>Ⅲ<br>.<br>删去<br>两边不<br>参加反应的离子,即得离子方程式:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/2803D002E318A360FAD9FF65C92DFB09.png"><br>请回答:<br>(<br>)如图是碳酸钠溶液和稀盐酸反应的微观示意图,请写出该反应的离子方程式:<br>_<br>_______________________<br>;<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/073736DB09E7C868B70F3D040A031DAD.png"><br>(<br>)写出一个与<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/6A2E1CD45C8B4FC86D8058760E11BA59.png"><br>相对应的化学方程式<br>_<br>_______________________<br>;<br>(<br>)下列各组离子,在<br>pH=3<br>的无色水溶液中能大量共存的是<br>_<br>__________________<br>(填序号)。<br>A.<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/3244A80FEDA093AE9D775A57BAAC6205.png"><br> <br>B.<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/895BE81443547166B413A3AC9B2B0D0F.png"><br>C.<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/F1396B83E1118B53B27A68DFF2B27610.png"><br> <br>D.<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/DE0A123C244BF2F0B57D869B57101376.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/f09ffbee7b01438886e14a649114fe19/ADD36CD64983CE5BD476F018770D3466.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/c3505db438d845cb8b9a94772050bd01/F348E3F1AEEEF46C13F82DF8C1C7384C.png"><br><br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：中等<br>为了测定某小苏打样品中碳酸氢钠的质量分数,小兰同学进行了如下实验:向盛有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/25/AD2CF400FBC75AD66EEC3AE630FB5530.png"><br>样品的烧杯中加入稀硫酸,恰好完全反应时,加入稀硫酸的质量为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/25/4790E37ED2422BAD7AABB864F7A4BE2E.png"><br>,反应后烧杯内物质的总质量为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/25/682EEAD9765EDA95E032B6AF1A0C3571.png"><br>。(杂质不溶于水也不与酸发生反应)已知反应的化学方程式如下:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/25/BBB502E41AA8D1CE69FF6242D052BEED.png"><br>1.该反应生成二氧化碳的质量为______<img 。<br>2.求该样品中碳酸氢钠的质量分数(写出计算过程)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/40919a19e9f34f488dd8c0233284d738/82015F9A60C419D6787CF7C44D0CB429.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/e768bdfbb66c49fa88951060e76cf588/690C18F666A040A5E4BC667B7EB3FBAB.png"><br><br>
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