（5）粗盐中难溶性杂质的去除——2021-2022学年九年级下册化学人教版盐和化肥专题速练
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>已知室温下NaCl的溶解度约为36g。现称取3.6g粗盐,经过溶解、过滤、蒸发、转移等步骤,除去泥沙得到精盐。下列操作正确且合理的是( )<br><tbody><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/F98B37C5F6092F3AC7372067B18F0DB2.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/937E71E0AC9E47FC8C5461B0E243089E.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/2B5CC548BCA64FABC1CB278A9D197E1A.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/00F997DF1908D0F63FBF63A82770B78F.png"><br>A.溶解<br>B.过滤<br>C.蒸发<br>D.转移<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/b07599c45bed4e1581a5e87885608ec8/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/b4499797b7d9468a91a691351c7d547c/DFD0F331364672CA9C5E39BF8D6B67C7.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>在教材“粗盐中难溶性杂质的去除”实验中,有以下操作:①用量筒取水时俯视读数;②第一次称量时右盘忘记放纸片;③加热过程中有液体渐出;④滤液浑浊就蒸发;⑤转移固体不完整;⑥提前撤离酒精灯。导致氯化钠产率偏低的可能原因是( )<br>A.②③④⑤ B.①②④⑤ C.①②③ D.②③⑤<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/f571b2ad9f19457b9ecd7e2bd47facc0/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/2c7b065ccfc34111924e7143770b4737/021842889CD3137D9CD9D5B323BB782C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>在“粗盐的初步提纯”实验中,下列操作正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/4/FA14639E60A351483C19C2FB64C4DA2B.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/4/E974580D56186C550C8B4FB87DD4BD2F.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/4/934469B339FA5764C3392C86AF0CC4E7.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/4/A35DE6764495B04F931C8B95C403E8BA.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/a70a2afdcec140529c9077fcf06777c9/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/baa90b473af6467dba894c30fcef4485/7A62AEA8ED621871CAA822FCE067DD79.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>“粗盐中难溶性杂质的去除”实验活动中,出现下列情况仍继续实验,有可能造成计算出的精盐产率偏低的是( )<br>①溶解步骤中,粗盐未充分溶解②过滤步骤中,得到的滤液浑浊③蒸发步骤中,有液滴飞溅现象④蒸发步骤中,得到的固体潮湿A.①③ B.③④ C.①② D.②④<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/5f8d308cd1a94e74a01bc341c3e10bd7/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/5a06120d8712488b8d267668fe1989f1/0D5BA9D658D7258CAB2B6CCC589F8C18.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某氯化钠样品中含有泥沙和少量硫酸镁,用该样品进行如下实验,相关说法正确的是( )<br><tbody><br>两种物质的部分溶解度(单位:g/100g水)<br>温度(℃)<br> 0<br> 10<br> 20<br> 30<br> 40<br> 60<br> 硫酸镁<br>22.0<br>28.2<br>33.7<br>38.9<br>44.5<br>54.6<br> 氯化钠<br>35.7<br>35.8<br>36.0<br>36.1<br>36.4<br>37.1<br></tbody><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/10/B2D51FFC23DAB5B8EB5947A53A10537A.png"><br>A.溶液甲是由两种物质组成的混合物<br>B.向溶液甲中滴加氯化钡溶液,一定有白色沉淀产生<br>C.若操作II是滴加适量氢氧化钠溶液、过滤、蒸发结晶,则固体乙是氯化钠晶体<br>D.若操作II是降温结晶、过滤,则固体乙是硫酸镁晶体<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/01615545269545e6b3e722f76881fbb9/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/17e6ac51109b4ca193c33f833b68e3fa/0589195EC26174932BF7316CFCE1AD24.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>为除去粗盐中含有的氯化镁、硫酸钠、氯化钙等杂质,应加入过量的氢氧化钠、氯化钡碳酸钠等物质,将杂质转化为沉淀。过滤去除沉淀后,再向滤液中加入适量的盐酸得到精盐水。实验操作过程如图8-2-10所示:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/6/30B4B6108704DFA0E6EF43B5D9499CDF.png"><br>下列说法错误的是( )<br>A.实验操作步骤也可以是①③④②⑤⑥<br>B.操作⑥中,加入盐酸的目的是除去过量的氢氧化钠和碳酸钠,将滤液的pH调为7<br>C.在实验操作过程中,氯化钡和碳酸钠溶液的添加顺序可以颠倒<br>D.操作⑤得到的沉淀中共有四种物质<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/092c451b500c43678ff3543d9773183d/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/ffba2b05bfc54373af35f059253b052c/D4A0763B35EC507449DE826F915FEBE7.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>某同学欲从含泥沙的粗盐(氯化钠和泥沙的混合物<br>)<br>中提纯氯化钠并计算提纯的产<br>率,试回答:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/4/69FEEA3B89A86134CE9FA445D46F342B.png"><br>操作①需要用到的玻璃仪器有玻璃棒、烧杯、<br>,该操作中玻璃棒作用是<br>,若最终提纯获得的<br>NaCl<br>产率偏低,原因可能是<br>(<br>填字母编号)。<br>A<br>.<br>粗盐没有完全溶解<br>B<br>.<br>滤纸破损<br>C<br>.<br>过滤器中的液面高于滤纸边缘<br>D<br>.<br>蒸发时没有用玻璃棒搅拌<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/e796dd15ea864539aa6d061cfdd9a3ec/873233AFA3F57CFEC47567F6F86D2740.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/ee28eabcbdec4321964ecd43a19cccc1/291903B5FD950024907492848A355996.png"><br><br>※题型：推断题※知识点：推断题※试题难度：中等<br>某食盐样品中含少量<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/620603E5D82D7CB481EADE1055819BED.png"><br>等杂质,由食盐样品制取纯净<br>NaCl<br>的过程如下:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/A3D670B4359CBB10A631AC7C9B493F39.png"><br>1.操作a的名称是________________。<br>2.加入过量的NaOH溶液,除去的离子是________________(填离子符号)。3.加入过量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br>溶液,所发生反应的化学方程式为________________。4.试剂A的名称是________________,其作用是________________。5.在“蒸发结晶”的操作中,容易造成食盐固体飞溅,为尽量减少飞溅,除用玻璃棒不断搅拌外,还可以采取的方法是________________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/fc13282f36ea4004a1d8e3071db5b19e/30C24DE347D6D026F8F789B2CFE4B4C0.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/04ab636892ef43578c2657403f753e14/F276F399FBF520B4D99A8E9F7996A1A6.png"><br><br>
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