（4）化学肥料——2021-2022学年九年级下册化学人教版盐和化肥专题速练
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>草木灰是农家肥,主要成分是碳酸钾(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/2AF4B38ED3DA4A0676087C3FEA1A2926.png"><br>),它是一种( )<br>A.钾肥 B.氮肥 C.磷肥 D.复合肥<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/243497a9c5a749c4a20019d058b8f326/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/d5995f16197746f3a9c973f852991c65/E4D6AB81D0212F6A3F1CC66B4B648CA4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列肥料中,能与尿素<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/7176B36F000A12484C355F3CB7E03728.png"><br>加工配制成复合肥料的是( )。A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/42F09CBCD510AAFD2345F341FB191981.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/BF45A0427DE59E00361E360257DB793E.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/5194B1A1CAD22886EFF20DBEAEBEEDFD.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/1B0D100CD07DE02C2FD1479964DC1EEE.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/948ab9c1cc7f4185b1083f2d20206ce6/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/f15830eb1fc64ddda7a11c5330ad1600/2D166D613C1859E6429681A56CFA49F8.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某农技站货架上待售的化肥有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/9ACEA52BD2F746B585DFA5CFBE30B9DC.png"><br>,其中缺少的肥料品种是( )<br>A.氮肥 B.磷肥 C.钾肥 D.复合肥<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/9c8278550e33456380a56352e868234d/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/76da6a8674c54495a6aa57b414589cc8/3F99AE4B42B117C50A57EA75F507D7E5.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列化学肥料中能促进植物生长,增强抗病虫害和抗倒伏能力的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/4000FA8C1D5907F3E64C2D999BD8A27F.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/47BA9621AE24F35718E5BF3C35DE534B.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/117CB6DBFBF681D5D9D8AA687D0E7717.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/3D5B833F095F96FBEEDF3B4D20B98683.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/57cd1173b04d40b7b86bfaaae493d70f/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/b260066a54d44243a70d1bf9ce7722fe/DC24EF2BA49CEF2CCEA2FAF874CD7686.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>某班学生以“施用化肥的利与弊”为主题进行小组辩论,正方的观点是施肥有利。正方的下列观点不科学的是( )<br>A.施用化肥可以使农作物增加产量<br>B.化肥肥效快<br>C.为提高农作物的产量,施用化肥越多越好<br>D.复合肥能为农作物提供多种营养素<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/2f44585d78ca4a5da47a1fc469676c3c/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/562ed5f99b774258b3b191527045ef9e/FD88F59F79EDCFDFA128198B81ADD01A.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>实验室有失去标签的4种化肥,已知可能是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/0C2053ADD065B03F1677CA892F10A73C.png"><br>。现各取少许进行鉴别,下列物质中能将上述化肥一次性区别开来的是( )<br>A.蒸馏水<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/51768E20EB5BB0F0DE7EF4480D27AFA6.png"><br>溶液<br>C.稀盐酸<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/A69E6A94FE0EEB91B15080F6EB9DA283.png"><br>溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/495ba582dca14cdda09e772ec31abf32/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/f6e337b3a24041379478aed70e6d521c/88BAB5C749C5FB4267BA46CE67418D02.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图所示是某同学鉴别<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/086A02318469A9AEF790B097383F64E3.png"><br>三种化肥的过程,其中试剂甲、乙分别可能是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/15/AB8E2BA5ED82C6399DBF170273397E3F.png"><br>A.甲:熟石灰,乙:稀盐酸<br>B.甲:水,乙:氢氧化钠溶液<br>C.甲:氢氧化钠溶液,乙:水<br>D.甲:稀盐酸,乙:氯化钠溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/d306c00fc5534d78a34c698b86017541/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/e5ef56577ef04dd2803068315ded69c2/161F287BB6BC91F127C2396EBA8BDCFD.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>弗里德里希?维勒是德国著名的有机化学家,他因为人工合成了尿素,打破了有机化合物的“生命力”学说而闻名:下列对化肥的认识不正确的是( )<br>A.NH<sub>4</sub>HCO<sub>3</sub>有刺激性气味<br>B.要合理使用化肥,防止土壤、水体的污染<br>C.KNO<sub>3</sub>属于复合肥料<br>D.CO(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>与熟石灰混合研磨会产生氨气<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/a4cbcb2377814be8b9cf3bff7cb467f8/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/66e42ee2364b4631aa6ee1bf77d5cd36/CF237192D69C966E0AB60FD681BB3904.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>下面是一些常见的化肥<br>:<br>硫酸铵、尿素<br><br>、碳铵<br>(<br>碳酸氢铵<br>)<br>、过磷酸钙、<br>磷酸二氢钾、氯化铵。<br>1.在农村,人们总结出了鉴别化肥的简易方法:“一看、二闻、三溶”。以上化肥中能用“闻”的方法鉴别出来的是(写化学式)。2.鉴別铵态氮肥和尿素的方法是.3.鉴别硫酸铵、氯化铵的方法是(用化学方程式表示)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/51caf7d750b948b4813c087290fda045/553A7F38A3E6BC025FD412AC9D59DB7C.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/6bb9d0334a5949a391b8f1ef854d02df/5A6FB21E5AE4F3A17116B0413A49A1C2.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>兴趣小组的同学在社会实践基地发现一袋商标模糊的硝酸铵化肥。同学们要帮助基地的工作人员测定化肥中硝酸铵的含量<br>请你参与他们的探究活动。<br>【查阅资料】<br>(1)<br>铵态氮肥易溶于水<br>(2)<br>铵态氮肥与碱反应产生氨气。<br>(3)<br>溶液呈碱性。<br>【实验过程】小<br>丽同学<br>准确称取<br>9.0g<br>硝酸铵化肥样品<br>与过量的氢氧化钙粉末混合<br>充分反应后<br>产生的氨气用足量的稀硫酸全部吸收<br>测得<br>分钟内稀硫酸溶液质量的变化<br>记录如下表所示<br>(<br>样品中的杂质不含氮元素<br>也不与氢氧化钙反应<br>)<br><tbody><br>时间<br>/s<br>20<br>40<br>60<br>80<br>100<br>120<br>溶液增加的质量<br>/g<br>0.7<br>1.2<br>1.5<br>1.6<br>1.7<br>1.7<br></tbody><br>【数据处理】计算此化肥中硝酸铵的质量分数<br>(<br>写出计算过程<br>)<br>【反思交流】化肥对粮食增产有着重要的作用<br>如何科学合理使用或贮存铵态氮肥<br>请你给工作人员提一条合理化建议<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/8a501b5a98364b1e9025f1cdb1d3d480/4A9EF7AD8100E5F08F16C5B7145DD6FD.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/3990a5e2bfbb461498a13064537a9c4e/90697AFA0560FB6DECE065DFB09CEDCB.png"><br><br>
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