攻克质量守恒定律（二）——2021-2022学年人教版九年级化学上册
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列对质量守恒定律的理解错误的是( )<br>A.质量守恒定律只适用于化学反应,不适用于物理变化<br>B.质量守恒定律研究的内容仅是指“质量”,不能推广到其他物理量<br>C.质量守恒定律揭示了化学变化中宏观物质之间的质量关系,与微观过程无关<br>D.蜡烛燃烧后,质量虽然减轻但符合质量守恒定律<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/efcfdbcc3dc648cb8578942d42396a33/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/7e1a351a7b4c4ba79946c0c97f3b33dc/BE17254C36A137585C2F7E729700F7A2.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>过氧化钠(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/F7080B9F640B44DD0BFCC30933092F6C.png"><br>)可作呼吸面具中氧气的来源,它与二氧化碳反应后的生成物为( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/3FD11E2AFC06B1D240106659D73AE871.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/19A8A02382069135689B1E407A821EF3.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/FC36191549301C2A156A2084670322F1.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/e3a568b2aff541b0b08b2750d6a9d44c/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f1afddc9627d4b479dc7c2279f0b3d35/2086E173E9377E6E509F276F9FD09D98.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图所示是验证质量守恒定律的实验装置。下列说法中正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/1/8B022AEFF1360F29F1829023C82D750A.png"><br>A.该实验中反应的化方程式为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/1/11A7CBC4BC3D2E6AB06B9C1E0F02843F.png"><br>B.红磷的用量多少不会影响实验结果<br>C.如果去掉装置中的小气球,不会影响实验结果<br>D.将红磷换成氯化钠固体也能达到同样的实验目的<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/086a964d7430470d9af93c3e355ebe14/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/5d4a4dab4a494730b0fda930f27b9299/FEC2059BEBD534C1C9C2AC43CD5EF9F6.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>在反应<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/4/B3D9E484E20A8177894802640F6A8EC0.png"><br>中,A和B的相对分子质量之比为9:11,已知1.8gA与一定量B恰好完全反应成5.1gD,则在此反应中反应物B和生成物C的质量比为( )<br>A.2:1 B.2:3 C.3:1 D.1:2<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/02ae20ebb368439d9cad4c3be4c64f15/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d5e7bddc581a41ad84f5ffca4a774244/2302A3826B9672E90F93E15876D2EDAE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>一定条件下,在密闭容器中发生某反应,反应前后各物质的质量如图所示。下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/3/EBA9658E366AB89FC70C18EB808BB4C2.png"><br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/3/A4C256EC618BF189591BEC8023C3E1BD.png"><br>的值为22<br>B.该反应为化合反应<br>C.W由碳、氢两种元素组成<br>D.W中碳元素的质量分数为85%<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/7fc09532220242e58f409508d6741744/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/3fd3bef45b4e462c95adb78eb959e4af/A3729AB9FAF0A33FD06F1C0DA2EAAE91.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某金属单质X与非金属单质Y可发生反应:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/29/C9A5F12E23546DA65F9BA4E59783193C.png"><br>。某实验探究小组进行了两次实验,测得数据如下表:<br><tbody><br>实验序号<br>X的用量/g<br>Y的用量/g<br>生成<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/29/0386A20A31908A695066119ADEED12C9.png"><br>的质量/g<br>1<br>7.4<br>1.6<br>8.0<br>2<br>9.6<br>3.2<br>12.0<br></tbody><br>参加反应的X与Y的质量比为( )<br>A.4:1 B.3:1 C.2:1 D.37:8<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/4a28b37f17a24297acd4084e2df7c334/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/1d42508006d345eb984cc7da1b64a068/E78AF6383EC0E8CD9C54B8B63705588C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>在一定条件下,下列物质在同一密闭容器内充分反应测得反应前后各物质的质量如下:<br><tbody><br>物质<br>甲<br>乙<br>丙<br>丁<br>反应前的质量/g<br>2.3<br>未测<br>2.0<br>2.8<br>反应后的质量/g<br>1.1<br>0.9<br>3.6<br>2.4<br></tbody><br>下列说法正确的是( )<br>A.乙是该反应的催化剂<br>B.丁一定为化合物<br>C.参加反应的甲、丙、丁的质量之比为3:4:1<br>D.该反应为分解反应<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/281ed274c9eb42ed94dc918c5b401604/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/de7bff7e60e048f0a585bab617b04e4b/C6F70C8C7FB7BEC52B03A40E5A6B5DAA.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>宏观辨识和微观剖析是化学核心素养之一。下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/4/29/8956492806C27585DF1E4CCB5DDF88E9.png"><br>A.反应前后元素的种类及化合价均未发生改变<br>B.参加反应的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/4/29/6DB4AFD5E066253A59ADB50DFD7D1F01.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/4/29/D668398B70E075D3FD50A6D8B1ACC020.png"><br>的微粒个数比是4:3<br>C.反应涉及到的物质中,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/4/29/6DB4AFD5E066253A59ADB50DFD7D1F01.png"><br>是由原子构成的单质,只有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/4/29/8530A946F6527D86E7F86309A5D70139.png"><br>属于氧化物<br>D.该反应生成的单质和化合物的质量比是3:20<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2019/c4abed41bae14818ab7e48fd74886481/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2019/f13430450cd940b6aa338db5157c55c1/553FC01170F5D08BB43F18B6CEC67F64.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>在化学反应<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/31/E36CA8B20F9080837858C1C9F796C60D.png"><br>中,16gA和足量B反应生成44gC和36gD,若B的相对分子质量为32,则D的相对分子质量为( )<br>A.9 B.18 C.36 D.72<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/840e769175614a5bbfc452b37e10bfde/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/8ecb39b4e92a431da079803ec021ed6d/833CA2D2A6F2586A62271DB4BBFFDED7.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>化学课堂上,老师演示了教材中的两个实验(如图<br>所示),用于验证质量守恒定律。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/26/3607B1DC9D57EF8B35362BBB9D3FE015.png"><br>1.实验A中,发生反应的化学方程式是_____________________。<br>2.同学们对上述两个实验分别进行了两次称量,得到如下数据,其中一定有误的是(填序号)。<br><tbody><br>序号<br>①<br>②<br>③<br>④<br>实验类别<br>A实验<br>A实验<br>B实验<br>B实验<br>反应前质量/g<br>280<br>283.5<br>250.3<br>255.2<br>反应后质量/g<br>280<br>283<br>250.9<br>254.1<br></tbody><br>3.为达到验证质守恒定律的目的,小林更换了B实验中的药品,以下改进正确的是(填序号)。①将药品换成双氧水和二氧化锰②将药品换成铁粉和硫酸铜溶液③将药品换成白糖和蒸馏水4.为达到验证质量守恒定律的目的,小郭更换了实验的装置,如图2所示,此装置中气球的作用是(填序号)。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/26/5996BD7B9CEEA32428D8B016DC69683E.png"><br>①控制气体的总量②盛放、添加固体药品③调节装置的压强④调节装置的容积改变装置后进行实验,最终发现天平示数变小,原因是,故小郭的改进方案(填“正确”或“错误”)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/7c46c41a163748cba617ed1a106ad9d2/C0DADD5392F174543A28CBD510F4CEA6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f3b608b5538140ffb8b464984828ba55/0AB0983B156F0DC3ADE1F82FBFF4BFE2.png"><br><br>
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