攻克质量守恒定律（一）——2021-2022学年人教版九年级化学上册
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>潜艇供氧的一种反应原理为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/6/3C1D7BEF5B8D7593EC91374221A43565.png"><br>,其中X的化学式是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/6/D568D5874172CED1E39AD1D9EEEDED0E.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/6/19A8A02382069135689B1E407A821EF3.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/6/901851115D0B00F7107284D29727A050.png"><br>D.NaOH<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/97227dda3e4a4a44b81f6b3ee254bff3/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/fd2c09bbaa7a47fdab49496b6cc013fb/46D90286E4FDA492C93D5F3B7AB4AB93.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列有关对质量守恒定律的理解,正确的是( )<br>A.将5g氯化钠完全溶解在95g水中,溶液的质量为100g<br>B.2g氢气和8g氧气混合点燃,生成水的质量是9g<br>C.镁条燃烧后质量增加,不遵循质量守恒定律<br>D.将5g铁和5g铜混合加热后,物质的总质量为10g<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5737ece2c5ec4412a1ea4dc8293622a6/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a5b3dd66077d4f25831d7b831b4b63d9/E4DF324CB5782A7D6EFB3EB008ADE93F.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某化合物在4.8g氧气中完全燃烧,生成4.4g二氧化碳和2.7g水,关于该物质的推断,不正确的是( )<br>A.该化合物为2.3g<br>B.该化合物一定含碳、氢、氧元素<br>C.分子中C、H原子个数比为1:2<br>D.碳.氢元素质量比为4:1<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4c6a8672e996405fa38cb8d3c72ff327/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/afccd7d5521343c9b397ac90d6bcda65/1102A0D0AAF2131ED2E0CF8208C7C62C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>在密闭容器内,有甲、乙、丙、丁四种物质,在一定条件下充分混合反应,测得反应前后各物质的质量分数如图所示,下列说法错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/5/27/34F8BEDAFC9F32A8D668B765D6719AE1.png"><br>A.丁一定是化合物<br>B.生成的甲、丙两物质的质量比为8:1<br>C.乙可能是该反应的催化剂<br>D.参加反应的丁的质量一定是生成甲和丙的质量之和<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2019/2f4fa30fb75f40809d2caa18d60b9767/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2019/ce82551e16d14cafb33341ed80cb4372/D7BC67571C4F7A88AF0B14403BE11F10.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列实验能够用于直接验证质量守恒定律的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/4B51DD7A6C163BF2C7A34A37C0E0994B.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/B6036E4FA43C0A4EC066A8B19BDA05E1.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/A8643095C8B790035D07F8CA7E729A0A.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/C2C813A12F8B9D2ED6FAAF4D2A6E4C8C.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b53635f9a8b04abc90a856b91c090678/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/49d2c94c5c264d8eac5540a2fecb0e66/6838E9366F8625B6D89AB567C34DEA4D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>大气中二氧化碳等气体含量升高,会导致温室效应,图是将二氧化碳转化为化工原料乙烯(化学式为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/6/67B6F15CA8F50C3E432514CB3244B96B.png"><br>)的微观示意图,下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/6/E944697D511BB906E4D4FB3C54429BFE.jpeg"><br>A.因为反应物是一种单质和一种化合物,所以该反应属于置换反应<br>B.该反应实现了无机物与有机物的转化<br>C.该反应不遵循质量守恒定律<br>D.参加反应的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/6/BDF900345AF09A3015F45B2669FF3895.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/6/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>的分子个数比为4∶1<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9fd8543c65784210b0d97cd112acd89f/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>在密闭容器中有甲、乙、丙、丁四种物质,在一定条件下反应,测得反应前及反应过程中的两个时刻各物质的质量分数如图所示。图中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/19/2190F56D1812CC07F60E159D14C25A2D.png"><br>分别表示相应物质的质量分数。下列数据正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/19/A78E43F2ABE8A5441B756989CFF74C60.png"><br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/19/02592ADB37F1D4307D50BA2C02C3F09F.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/19/E63A0E8AD935BE32F9E92523A76EE99A.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/19/B62F1CCBCF1C5D49386A17A6D98B66DA.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/19/6B12CB15D01779A10715936CBF4850B2.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/7f3b0e2b1ee64087b157503a93ce8451/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/11e2181d44af44c6a277f3a9a8572b11/40FF88AB0E8B475DAC6DFE85FFEC21D1.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>一定质量的甲烷在不充足的氧气中燃烧,甲烷完全反应,生成物有CO、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/19/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/19/AA5DD1505F1D7A06A012CABC988FF45C.png"><br>,且总质量为20.8g,其中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/19/AA5DD1505F1D7A06A012CABC988FF45C.png"><br>的质量为10.8g,则<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/19/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>的质量为( )<br>A.5.6g B.8.8g C.4.4g D.4.8g<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/cddfc7b1cabb4f108f6e65b289cdfdd1/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/81c1b20495ee4d8aad2824117975289f/941B1FF7846C2E36BDFA4A9B21CF0299.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某同学从定量角度研究双氧水制取氧气的过程,在原实验基础上增加了称量操作,具体做法是:取10%双氧水和少量的二氧化锰放入气体发生装置,并对反应前后的混合物进行称量,记录如下:<br><tbody><br>反应过程<br>反应前<br>反应后<br>质量(不含容器质量)<br>34.3g<br>32.7g<br></tbody><br>若反应后,双氧水分解完全且氧气全部逸出,下列结论不正确的是( )<br>A.二氧化锰的质量为0.3g<br>B.最多得到氧气的质量为1.6g<br>C.双氧水中过氧化氢的质量为3.4g<br>D.反应后容器中水的质量为1.8g<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/9a7a3ba8f46c48a8a2e50bee79804280/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/6d5082f8e7564bb39435f4499d329f35/4D2DBE3ED0291C57562E68EF18DB6E10.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>质量守恒定律的发现和发展对科学发展具有重大意义(已知:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/0ADD871AB70A020BCFECB39AD99F3496.png"><br>;<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/BD29E1C5532D4BB00BE3763B7AFEDED0.png"><br>)<br>1.用如图1所示3个实验验证质量守恒定律,其中不能达到实验目的的是(填序号),理由是。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/A83AE48A504C4400330151E2E8D32C0B.png"><br> 2.在化学反应前后,一定变化的是(填字母)。a.原子种类b.原子数目c.分子种类d.分子数目e.元素种类f.物质种类3.如图2是某反应的微观示意图(其中“<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/BEF6EBEFF2838277805D6880B4C0399E.png"><br>”和“<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/8B2FE0D6233C58CBCE56206E035FE385.png"><br>”分别表示不同的原子)。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/8CE1F03CAB6252D4E8CA31BE84ECA697.png"><br>①反应后方框内应再填入个“<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/1DC26273BFFAF273EA6AFFE125BB9ABC.png"><br>”粒子。②请从微观的角度分析化学变化的实质是。4.在一密闭容器内有4种物质A、B、C、D,它们在一定条件下发生化学反应,其中A、B、C的微观示意图和反应前后各物质的质量如下表所示。<br><tbody><br>物质<br>A<br>B<br>C<br>D<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/38902321D2A44688FB455C5727D3DBFE.png"><br>微观示意图<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/12D8F19E3AD161B3EE18624D2501DB96.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/A93B704F525EE136CEF4634903320AE8.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/0CEEA294E58D76350F92FC961318022D.png"><br>反应前质量/g<br>100<br>1<br>1<br>46<br>反应后质量/g<br>4<br>89<br>55<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/A4C256EC618BF189591BEC8023C3E1BD.png"><br></tbody><br>①A、B、C、D中属于氧化物的是__________(填序号)。②<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/A4C256EC618BF189591BEC8023C3E1BD.png"><br>的值为_________。③若D的相对分子质量为46,该反应的化学方程式是_____________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/06135b686abd492abafb2f34ae10e579/A790EB3AB83AD8A6200E187AD06609C6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a1a44affa0dc44e793b7446ab8741dee/9248E228C2F40E197B6AA480105C246A.png"><br><br>
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