（2）酸的性质——2021-2022学年九年级下册化学人教版酸和碱专题速练
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列关于盐酸和硫酸的描述正确的是( )<br>A.浓盐酸是一种无色无味的液体<br>B.人体胃液中含有硫酸,可帮助消化<br>C.打开盛有浓盐酸的试剂瓶的瓶盖,瓶口出现白烟<br>D.浓硫酸具有吸水性,可用作干燥剂<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/e4f8ad6d419b4fcd9f822ef8876f393d/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/22965bec4f2a4a26b2917a424576b0fd/D32BE306CB6ACA81CCCBE8316CBFAF39.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列关于浓硫酸的说法正确的是( )<br>A.易挥发 B.有腐蚀性 C.无吸水性 D.密度比水小<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/707b550892be449097db3a4fbc03bdff/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/54022bc40a4640c8830a1afd59d2bfd3/5C16CD0C70866AA52911E121DACFAE3F.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>如图所示,已平衡的天平两端放着两个分别盛有浓盐酸和浓硫酸的敞口烧杯,过一段时间后天平会( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/2C5F1736130128F2B86EAE5F03D7C8FE.png"><br>A.左端下沉 B.右端下沉 C.仍平衡 D.无法判断<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/6fc8bfb500c84e4292996846ccc48505/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/2bef306cc30c40919df2d0ff2ae12792/BB5DFB4832EC7833709C824C568A3BCF.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>白蚁能分泌出蚁酸。蚁酸的化学性质与盐酸相似,能腐蚀很多物质。下列最不容易被蚁酸腐蚀的是( )<br>A.镀锌水管 B.铜制塑像 C.大理石栏杆 D.铝合金门窗<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/f521a43fe0584c9a9456592a33144cd8/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/96475abcdc934922827888c966a140c5/EF923521C13A6D15C7FA29D31F9AF408.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>实验室中一瓶浓硫酸敞口放置一定时间,下列4幅图,能正确反映其变化关系的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/3DEE8E45B78E944341DFDFAC4016396C.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/BE7ACF951C013B49C988B3A9DBF5F079.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/ED7375EEF61A8121787CCE40E32AD786.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/0F23F41302348006BABE3B8E8AE0604A.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/35327c94c2aa4f689df0f3195743272a/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/6159f709570d45c4897e02c2b1a9355e/DFC0DC779D88F516DA3C482E970CA165.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>硫酸是一种重要的工业原料,下列说法不正确的是( )<br>A.浓硫酸可用于干燥<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/10/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br>B.浓硫酸可使纸张炭化<br>C.实验室可用块状石灰石与稀硫酸制备<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/10/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>D.稀硫酸可用于金属表面除锈<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/45f7630e814b426ca2f7134b0c3af9e6/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/3d23942fc6f34fed8d91bfd4e7a8bc65/006FAB3B17217A96BF01464B0B0BF6EC.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图表示化学反应中溶液的颜色变化。下列叙述错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/10/205F7A026225E64CDDB695B58BCB8B34.png"><br>A.若X是稀硫酸,a可能是紫色石蕊溶液<br>B.若X是稀硫酸,b可能是氧化物<br>C.若X是稀盐酸,c不可能是单质<br>D.若X是稀盐酸,d不可能是单质<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/22ae2986de354e57be9525d8e6d70288/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/dcfa6e437f9f4911abb58f4d625dd5ba/081D01DD1AB3613E7F2ECE1E572FF733.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>氧化铜与稀盐酸发生反应时,容器中溶液总质量随时间的变化曲线如图所示。下列说法错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/1/3B53A2C06B269ABFD75F5DEAA0198477.png"><br>A.该实验是将稀盐酸逐渐加入到盛有氧化铜的容器中<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/1/7DE8237E389AC7CB40B47771B2A82081.png"><br>点表示氧化铜与稀盐酸恰好完全反应<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/1/7DE8237E389AC7CB40B47771B2A82081.png"><br>点和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/1/7B0730A3F5F0CCC0CE780C6F8CF1E399.png"><br>点对应溶液中铜元素的质量不相等<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/1/7DE8237E389AC7CB40B47771B2A82081.png"><br>点和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/1/7B0730A3F5F0CCC0CE780C6F8CF1E399.png"><br>点对应溶液蒸发结晶后得到的固体成分相同<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2019/40ae9d65e47c4f12bd311d454e94db07/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2019/6fa827fb3135439db6b219d369fe407f/EE58CFE5C5193FEEFF6343CB60D47E27.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>浓硫酸可以用作某些气体的干燥剂,这是由于它具有<br>_<br>____________<br>,如图是用浓硫酸干燥某些气体的装置,干燥气体时,气体应从<br>_<br>____________<br>端通入。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/10/F533E7B69D01E7B002921C99FB5E2A1E.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/aec796c87eec4f9196b3be6fd68a8433/035BD4044801EAE4BB9500102BA054EC.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>把一枚生锈的铁钉放入过量的稀盐酸中,首先可观察到的现象是<br>,反应的化<br>学方程式为<br>;<br>过一段时<br>间后,又观察到铁钉表面有<br>产生<br>,产生该现象的反应的化学方程式为<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/552b66c9eb1e48dfbf78b19f9f7dbcaf/2BF6C4792F6787F73E40A22D894D7557.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/59092b5987454f38a19dcf693bcef9f7/1BBBD18433F349746F0E9C6D3541E0AA.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>利用图所示实验装置(气密性良好),验证浓硫酸、浓盐酸的挥发性,其中甲、乙、丙三个广口瓶中依次装有浓硫酸、浓氨水、<br>浓盐酸。<br>已知<br>:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/4/B9410613AFCFE9CB4763B99058880F86.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/4/42F09CBCD510AAFD2345F341FB191981.png"><br>为白色固体。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/4/2388E4D0374D1D6BAA27ABC057A47512.png"><br><tbody><br>实验步骤<br>实验操作<br>实验现象<br>①<br>打开<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/4/0E8382BCD3985B53EB8D2529000F570B.png"><br>关闭<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/4/AD055F63B6C97EB311A454E297F00C08.png"><br>,缓<br>慢拉注射器<br>A<br>活塞<br>甲中液面上方无明显现象<br>②<br>打开<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/4/AD055F63B6C97EB311A454E297F00C08.png"><br>,关闭<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/4/0E8382BCD3985B53EB8D2529000F570B.png"><br>缓慢拉注射器<br>B<br>活塞<br>丙中液面上方出现大量白烟<br></tbody><br>1.丙中发生化合反应,生成大量白烟(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/4/1B0D100CD07DE02C2FD1479964DC1EEE.png"><br>)的化学方程式为。2.该实验能够得出的结论是。3.从微观角度解释甲中无白烟,而丙中出现白烟的原因:。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/a9c7d090c50044f892290a188c833987/CC5A99B37A38248E8912EEA8BFBC40C9.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/7de763889a564262aa09a5b1d5f3a7d1/3EE0D8CA253CE235EC577B39A5CBB252.png"><br><br>
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