周测（四）溶液的浓度 ——2021—2022学年人教版九年级化学下册
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>关于如图所示过氧化氢溶液的说法错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/DBFCADD3BF973E64C7BDAEB969144E4E.png"><br>A.500g溶液中含溶质30g<br>B.500mL溶液的质量为550g<br>C.500mL溶液中溶质与溶剂的质量比为3:7<br>D.取出50mL溶液,剩余溶液的溶质质量分数仍为30%<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/423340957f83419fbd3c9f3fa0e48da3/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/3fd7eac605e8472ba8bce40983feda72/8494EC3B9C6D97DD18134A469E656EC2.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>农业生产中通常用10%~20%的氯化钠溶液选种,现有配好的15%的氯化钠溶液200kg,其中含水的质量为( )<br>A.30kg B.170kg C.140kg D.200kg<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/505a13e9d0a34c0f885a4b512aa757ef/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/128bd238ede74c0facb535069947098e/83D77B329FF6393D18B6D309842CF961.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>农业上常用溶质质量分数为16%的NaCl溶液选种。实验室配制100g该溶液的过程如下图所示。下列说法不正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/A49251BF450DC262DB8FFF16700200E7.png"><br>A.实验操作顺序为④②①⑤③<br>B.②中需称量NaCl的质量为16.0g<br>C.选用100mL量筒量取所需的水<br>D.用量筒量取水时仰视读数使所配溶液的溶质质量分数偏大<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/e891db8688574599b0236ae64478f07f/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/25ab9412787d44cbb0d0654baddc2056/4666F1CAA019D14BDDA03C51755100CE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>海水淡化可采用膜分离技术。如图所示,对淡化膜右侧的海水加压,水分子可以透过淡化膜进入左侧水池,而海水中的各种离子不能通过淡化膜,从而得到淡水。对加压后右侧海水成分变化进行分析,正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/BC79F7B9F586DA3CC0C98BE677DDF2DD.png"><br>A.溶质质量增加 B.溶剂质量减少<br>C.溶液质量不变 D.溶质质量分数减小<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/a7f6b2b8edf049e8a82ed68f67b456aa/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/750b71d4acf34a16a83cb6e22778c599/848E6BD511BFC7D165A07520A79D8378.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图所示为蒸发氯化钠溶液的实验过程,其中①→②→③为恒温蒸发过程,③→④为升温蒸发过程,②溶液恰好为饱和状态,分析实验过程,可以作出的正确判断是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/BD68C2B750F7F61B4D5035F504A32FDA.png"><br>A.在①→②过程中,氯化钠的质量分数保持不变<br>B.在②→③过程中,氯化钠的溶解度不断增大<br>C.在②→③过程中,氯化钠的质量分数不断增大<br>D.在②→④过程中,氯化钠的质量分数先不变后增大<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/bf4c408db63741b582387456fa0bbd69/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/d9c8cb7375f348ea88d0c8e5b68ebd4c/F06E3680FF875652B3DA1A0EA389658C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>用溶质质量分数为98%的浓硫酸10mL(密度为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/F268ABB395BDEB1033B47712C00852A1.png"><br>)配制溶质质量分数为10%的稀硫酸,需要量取水的体积约是( )<br>A.180mL B.170mL C.162mL D.88mL<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/34463a8acc544f53ad685ea8aca6ab8b/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/18be09728c7f4b5aa8d6c0235a12246f/9D36A3054F2295355079BFCB3B771226.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>甲、乙、丙三种物质的溶解度曲线如图所示。下列说法不正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/44E5BDB1BB600D761A7744AAED0CE048.png"><br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/427B1B5C2818448CE85E00E7373466A3.png"><br>时,甲和丙的溶解度相等<br>B.降低温度可使丙的不饱和溶液变成饱和溶液<br>C.甲中含有少量乙时,可采用降温结晶的方法提纯甲<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/F6E20041569242D29171C620FDA4DDBB.png"><br>时,向80g水中加入20g甲,溶解后其溶质质量分数为20%<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/6781638c872f4d46a27c82118e02a3b2/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/8166457a32ce4cbabe0c43d0aeb92732/1572C781A32C7B60D536FF3268721A3D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>有60g溶质质量分数为10%的硝酸钠溶液,欲将其溶质质量分数增加一倍,应该采取的方法是( )(假设蒸发溶剂后无晶体析出)<br>①把溶剂蒸发掉<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/8549A004DDCFE7416EB0C5CCBA07416D.png"><br>②加入6g硝酸钠固体③把溶剂蒸发掉30g④加入30%的硝酸钠溶液60gA.①② B.②③ C.③④ D.①④<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/bcf6678db2e14aba80209c314650d2ed/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/942bdc09a29045ec866f4b1dd2304c0a/FBE8EBA841650D360409213DAD4BC73A.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>实验室配制一定溶质质量分数的氯化钠溶液时,下列操作会导致结果偏小的是( )<br>①称量的氯化钠固体中含有不溶性杂质②用量筒量取水时仰视读数③往烧杯中加水时有水洒出④将配制好的溶液装入试剂瓶中时有少量溅出A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/4fec1ca0091b4b968ec47ac7341196d0/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/dc7271ecfc81406a81d2894ec5bd560f/C6744B9A7B8EEB9D2394F6FC38C0DE5F.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>和NaCl的溶解度曲线,下列说法不正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/51F531219F47445373C742E49BB5B51C.png"><br>A.20℃时,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>的溶解度为31.6g<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/65F7AF37B8A9A12B28388B5EDA6AF543.png"><br>点处<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>和NaCl两种溶液中溶质的质量分数相等<br>C.40℃时,100g水中可溶解<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>固体63.9g<br>D.0℃时,NaCl饱和溶液中溶质的质量分数为35.7%<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/36dfaf3d107e46ceb55843241d19145e/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/8ddeb2aa9a9b48ac8c9ce376698f786f/B1A0EA8FFBAAEC6CB5CCDFC3B5793DC1.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>小明在实验室配制<br>50g<br>质量分数为<br>10%<br>的氯化钠溶液。如图是配制该氯化钠溶液的实验操作示意图:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/61B8FE5F500AD45ABF5E235EB13FB3B8.png"><br>1.计算需要氯化钠固体5g,水_______________mL(水的密度为10<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/FA9DF299A8DCB75E02F8CD49B54339B4.png"><br>)<br>2.称量:用托盘天平称取氯化钠固体,用规格为_______________mL(填“10”“50”或“100”)的量筒量取所需要的水,倒入盛有氯化钠的烧杯中;3.溶解:用玻璃棒搅拌,目的是_______________。4.装瓶、贴标签:在下图的标签中填上相应的内容。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/6F274DF9668F10AB09978933D5E228B3.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/92935768ff624acb9eb52e4458dd36e0/CC12578DCA87B6A40E7E2E40B447A747.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>甲、乙、丙三种固体物质的溶解度曲线如图所示,请回答。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/A44F43D434B32B3CE32EC59B0AE7BBB9.png"><br>1.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/0299EA8A3F378CBE703FB0BA525064CC.png"><br>时,甲的溶解度为______________g。<br>2.将丙的饱和溶液变为不饱和溶液的一种方法是______________。3. <img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/427B1B5C2818448CE85E00E7373466A3.png"><br>时,甲、乙的饱和溶液各100g,分别蒸发掉10g水,析出固体的质量:甲______________(填“>”“<”或“=”)乙。4.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/F6E20041569242D29171C620FDA4DDBB.png"><br>时,在各盛有甲、乙、丙25g固体的三个烧杯中,分别加入100g水,充分搅拌后,能形成饱和溶液的是______________;将三个烧杯中的物质均升温至<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/0299EA8A3F378CBE703FB0BA525064CC.png"><br>,此时,溶液中溶质的质量分数的大小关系为______________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/212a8a585f7b4fc6af7b7a6f06de101a/A618981A7D0ACFB7C523EBC3C90F46EF.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/f939179760cc4ef098489c2a9f7d82b3/8D43C5DEBE520E5DA8708491B6BC4A46.png"><br><br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：中等<br>实验室用<br>34g<br>过氧化氢溶液和<br>1g<br>二氧化锰制取氧气,实验的相关数据如图所示。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/D9F09DE2C1F58E0A216FB2F2B6BF7AE3.png"><br>1.反应生成氧气的质量为_______________g。<br>2.计算过氧化氢溶液中溶质的质量分数。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/866e2c0137e24a5fae1fef5c384b7a59/FB8AF2E2627655A95909BC68FB0E785B.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>
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