周测（三）溶液的形成和溶解度 ——2021—2022学年人教版九年级化学下册
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>溶液在我们生活中有着广泛的用途。下列物质不属于溶液的是( )<br>A.白酒 B.蒸馏水 C.医用酒精 D.生理盐水<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/16eddd1818c544de8bbab7aecf3f6858/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/fde6d76852dc47dc87d04945161e0930/69DB98C5EA2EBD94D05ED2A3EAE15FB3.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列有关溶液组成的说法不正确的是( )<br>A.一种溶液中可以有多种溶质<br>B.溶质可以是固体、气体或液体<br>C.溶液体积等于溶质体积与溶剂体积之和<br>D.溶液质量等于溶质质量与溶剂质量之和<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/a604455c34a24e18974f5236348f4f16/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/86c86c03e09e44afb0f9a70a68199a1d/F1A4298156409CBB3AE7628878C10F82.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列关于乳化的说法正确的是( )<br>A.利用乳化作用将油污溶解而除去<br>B.向植物油与水的混合物中加入乳化剂,可得到溶液<br>C.用醋洗去水壶里的水垢是乳化现象<br>D.洗洁精能够除去油污,是因为洗洁精能使油污分散成细小的油滴,随水流走<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/22231ddee85042e3b8cd6e4ff2b987c1/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/4d31f574f4984f1fa48ca431d30c4452/58D300FE3A8C2122938BFBC90E28F247.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>若研究温度对食盐溶解快慢的影响,应选用下列哪两个装置进行对照实验( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/566AD91A14A4CCD1305F47D52C81CE76.png"><br>A.甲和乙 B.乙和丙 C.甲和丙 D.丙和丁<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/8c6ba1c7d2bd40689ca824308ae709e6/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/13844a336c0443af9af97b55eb0564a4/34DDEB46EC5EE2C5405674C32DAAE6E4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>小红做完实验后将一个洗干净的烧杯放在桌面上,第二天发现烧杯和桌面因结冰粘在一起,她想到往烧杯中加入少量水和某物质,可轻松将其拿起,该物质可能是( )<br>A.氯化钠 B.硝酸铵 C.氢氧化钠 D.蔗糖<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/da7b716fdbbd4583aaaa64b2ec8a4e62/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/1fb24d1a21014c0aa5e56d4dc5181d32/35B4CC5E3BF7545E440CBF83D601525B.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>能证实20℃时原<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>溶液是饱和溶液的事实是( )<br>A.降温到10℃时,有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>晶体析出<br>B.蒸发掉10g水,有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>晶体析出<br>C.加热到30℃后,再加入<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>晶体仍能继续溶解<br>D.在20℃时,向上述<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>溶液中加入少量<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>晶体,溶液的质量不变<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/ad3de7c8d2be41acb92a23a4c92cd42d/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/7d8e2ed0c7ea4b3b920c202baf410d64/367FED05EACF2D5D903891DD5A6CCF3B.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>氢氧化钙的溶解能力随温度升高而减小。要想把瓶接近饱和的石灰水变成饱和,可以采取的措施有( )<br>①加入氢氧化钙②升高温度③降低温度④加入水⑤恒温蒸发水A.①②④ B.①③④ C.①③⑤ D.①②⑤<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/01cee1ebeb754058979beafbe58c8a4a/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/95ad97ffde294fac860a42b425d86fcc/598F8CA40EAD8AA3BC58BDC63A2783B0.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>的溶解度曲线,下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/3EF19389744B81FD9F333CDBF7CDADC7.png"><br>A.溶液从<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/4DA26EED0AB741610666D2151B1CA122.png"><br>点降温到<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/65F7AF37B8A9A12B28388B5EDA6AF543.png"><br>点,有晶体析出<br>B.60℃时,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/72522BDD7213A2CBF82D0F107E8B41F6.png"><br>点对应的都是饱和溶液<br>C.将<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/65F7AF37B8A9A12B28388B5EDA6AF543.png"><br>点的饱和溶液从20℃升温到60℃时仍是饱和溶液<br>D.60℃时,向50g水中加入60g<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>,形成不饱和溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/0bc51c875993459d94b0cf580237fdac/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/ed1fca898976440c8ca04a9307f4f425/ECD15D2947CA614C3BD0CF00F0AA31D9.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>如图所示,向等质量的氧化钙和氢氧化钙中分别加入等质量的水,均全部溶解,得到20℃的溶液。对甲、乙烧杯中溶液的分析正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/B77F2116AD2BC4DAD44FE567A024379D.png"><br>A.甲不是饱和溶液 B.乙是饱和溶液<br>C.甲、乙可能都是饱和溶液 D.溶液质量一定相等<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/e47b74eaa675470b83cd11302eaef3d6/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/b462fce64f4b45458e55bb4ef80d3720/FD4ACE122E5038F30E516093DB126383.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下表是不同温度时硝酸钾的溶解度,下列有关说法正确的是( )<br><tbody><br>温度/℃<br>0<br>20<br>40<br>60<br>80<br>100<br>溶解度/g<br>13.3<br>31.6<br>63.9<br>110<br>169<br>246<br></tbody><br>A.20℃时,100g水中溶解的硝酸钾越多溶解度就越大<br>B.40℃时,100g硝酸钾饱和溶液中含有硝酸钾63.9g<br>C.60℃时,100g水中最多能溶解硝酸钾110g<br>D.100℃时水中溶解的硝酸钾一定比80℃时水中溶解的硝酸钾多<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/87802280cdbc4240a67d4e4a355ce1ad/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/457457309214491b90c219d0024c3ea2/A59A9267F8CE7DF277739569797FEE08.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下图是海水晒盐的工艺流程图,有关该过程的说法不正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/284A7DAD0DA1E068E361ADC5F6BA897A.png"><br>A.蒸发池中的海水是氯化钠的饱和溶液<br>B.母液是氯化钠的饱和溶液<br>C.结晶池中固体氯化钠的质量逐渐增加<br>D.海水进入贮水池,海水的成分基本不变<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/2c3a407c51b14a5d892296374030c59f/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/cf8ec0c126cd474592279bae406aca50/92CFF4A9FF5FA3A6102FE9CA40F7B3A9.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/F6E20041569242D29171C620FDA4DDBB.png"><br>时,向盛有10g水的烧杯中加入13g固体甲,搅拌后固体完全溶解,放置一段时间后,溶液中有固体析出。甲的溶解度曲线如图所示。下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/FD94962F3F2608881A770B4E9F871735.png"><br>A.图中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/FAB785DDE2E25227979F28E17DC24815.png"><br>点表示甲的溶解度为98g<br>B.搅拌的目的是增大甲的溶解度<br>C.通过升温可以将甲的不饱和溶液变为饱和溶液<br>D.甲溶于水的过程中一定放出热量<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/6faead59d88c43c3b521fc9a40e3954f/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/8c39b766449b45949ec54e7c32255e3d/304CDD8B5E9AEBA0F6F51E1E6C2126BB.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>某化学兴趣小组探究氯化铵、氯化钙、氯化钠三种物质溶于<br>水过程<br>中的热量变化。<br>【药品器材】水、氯化铵、氯化钙、氯化钠;烧杯、药匙、玻璃棒、量筒、温度计等。<br>【实验探究】三种物质各取<br>药匙于烧杯分别溶于水,另还有一个烧杯只加水,用温度计测量液体温度,并记录有关数据如下:<br><tbody><br>实验<br>水的体积<br>/mL<br>所加物质<br>测量液体温度<br>/<br>℃<br>实验<br>氯化铵<br>实验<br>氯化钙<br>实验<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/A4C256EC618BF189591BEC8023C3E1BD.png"><br>氯化钠<br>实验<br>无<br></tbody><br>【数据分析】<br>1.表中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/A4C256EC618BF189591BEC8023C3E1BD.png"><br>的值为________________。<br>2.比较实验2与实验4,可获得的结论是________________。<br>3.如果要生产一种“冰袋”用于冷敷,上述三种物质中最合适的是________________。【反思评价】4.经讨论认为本实验操作中存在的缺陷是________________(填字母,可多选)。A.实验操作过程中没有釆取较为严格的保温措施B.加入物质的质量可能不相等C.加入物质的种类不一样<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/f3912004cc614024b4956419e5800f5b/86B3363F1830C697E1B647BB9AE6842F.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/69a395a1d2774716bdd1980097b2d5d1/4A7840ADFD9E6707E4AC19037A3C4041.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>如图是<br>A<br>、<br>B<br>、<br>C<br>三种物质的溶解度曲线,回答下列问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/EB7699A6921A52D81DA3E818CC8F5F60.png"><br>1.A、B两种物质在_________________℃时溶解度相同。<br>2.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/F6E20041569242D29171C620FDA4DDBB.png"><br>时,B物质的溶解度是_________________。3.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/F6E20041569242D29171C620FDA4DDBB.png"><br>时,等质量的A、B、C三种物质的饱和溶液中溶剂质量最小的是_________________。4.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/F6E20041569242D29171C620FDA4DDBB.png"><br>C时,将三种物质各<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/F5CAC39E6A9B5C662D5D53F12D7199E6.png"><br>分别加入到100g水中,充分溶解后,若只有一种物质能形成饱和溶液,则<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/65F7AF37B8A9A12B28388B5EDA6AF543.png"><br>的取值范围是_________________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/3c292345b86942f985dae9cbe1eaad73/F88E548963DFE1CEB5CCECC3AB29480F.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/2d13a946e6734847ab79d60dbc1b7e8a/AEF832B9B688C4394D69967A4696C0E3.png"><br><br>
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