第九单元 溶液——2021-2022学年人教版化学九年级下册单元易错题速练
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>配制好的生理盐水装瓶时不小心溅出少量溶液,剩余溶液溶质的质量分数( )<br>A.偏小 B.偏大 C.不变 D.无法判断<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b056e62e1e144cb38239ad230616e8ce/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列有关溶液的说法正确的是( )<br>A.硝酸铵溶于水,溶液温度降低<br>B.固体物质的溶解度都随温度的升高而增大<br>C.饱和溶液就是不能再继续溶解任何物质的溶液<br>D.喝汽水会打嗝,说明气体的溶解度随温度的升高而增大<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/badde225d2f24c90a7fdcd7398fd9f8b/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/8434a7ff012d43eea070c8f74696d8bf/8D178C4B7403BA1CBDB6A3983169C4BE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列现象不能说明气体的溶解度随温度升高而减小的是( )<br>A.天气闷热时,池塘里的鱼浮出水面<br>B.喝下汽水时,感到有气体冲击胃,易打嗝<br>C.打开啤酒瓶盖,有大量气泡逸出<br>D.烧开水时,沸腾前有气泡逸出<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3299a188d0aa4b55a02b521189454edc/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/75cd066a61b74bdb9cda1c5242017961/E70941D43A9E3BD72D4D34E99FF911FB.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列有关溶液的说法中,错误的是( )<br>A.溶液都是均一、稳定、无色的混合物<br>B.溶液中的溶质以分子或离子的形式均匀分散在溶剂中,各部分性质相同<br>C.物质的溶解过程通常会伴随着能量的变化<br>D.通过蒸发水或加蔗糖都能使某温度下接近饱和的蔗糖溶液达到饱和<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/83a6abf36cf1405eb2e60fc810d642ac/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/07baf929490c408d84881eaf35afc2e4/E10D017B9FBAFC779159C7BF53312162.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列关于溶液、悬浊液、乳浊液的说法:①溶液一定是无色透明的液体;②溶液是纯净物,而浊液是混合物;③浊液对生产有害无利;④浊液中分散的都是固体小颗粒;⑤浊液都是不均一、不稳定的;⑥在条件不变的情况下,溶液静置多久都不会分层;⑦由水和酒精组成的溶液中,酒精既可作溶质,也可作溶剂。其中正确的是( )<br>A.①③④⑤⑥ B.②⑤⑥ C.③⑥⑦ D.⑤⑥<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/a95c25d66e794db8bc3d674def569cf6/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b06e0bbb05ec47e68b180ecb045068fc/20B7CB4E5FBCE7896D97E54B2AA8ECAE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>在温度不变时,某固体物质的溶液甲,经历如下变化:溶液甲<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/28/1B7BBC4558985A52A27F2DBD72AE7BF7.png"><br>溶液乙<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/28/D11D9FAE978E53CA6795CE2AD1D88373.png"><br>溶液丙据此判断,下列结论正确的是( )<br>A.溶液乙一定是饱和溶液<br>B.若将溶液丙蒸发10g水,析出的晶体的质量一定大于3g<br>C.溶液乙一定是不饱和溶液<br>D.溶液乙和溶液丙的浓度可能相等<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d55954f4981e4ad2911d0ce3b37727a6/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/e5f20534c5ed4321a97539fe0206fab9/F1323A6D53D594C7FE5F65B517EFCDA9.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某同学欲配制50g质量分数为7.0%的食盐溶液,在称量食盐时,将砝码放在左盘(1克以下用游码),其他各步操作均正确,那么他实际上配制的食盐水的溶质质量分数是( )<br>A.5.1% B.5.4% C.4.8% D.5.0%<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2019/a7969d2285d941e09640eb9da3f0d350/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2019/b361c0f30b3e415fb0a6d7646abd39e7/932093A347E68286990A04451E259EEA.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>稀释质量分数为98%(密度为1.84g/mL)的浓硫酸配制500mL质量分数为20%的稀硫酸(密度为1.14g/mL),稀释时需用的水的体积约为( )<br>A.436.8mL B.453.7mL C.456.0mL D.458.3mL<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/a7501dd5d5214f96a84896f8797cd5e9/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/fda20bf2df4a4b0683d5d14761ed4fc9/68CB133FE761149A1D39BBD15FC29C4D.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>配制<br>100g<br>质量分数为<br>16%<br>的<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br>溶液,用于演示灭火器原理。回答下列问题。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/D1717A6833F31D7191B71025679725E4.png"><br>1.计算<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br>的质量为_______________g,称量<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br>的仪器名称是_______________。<br>2.20℃时,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br>的溶解度为21.5g,⑤中的溶液_______________(填“是”或“不是”)该物质的饱和溶液。3.将烧杯中溶液倒入吸滤瓶的操作是_______________。从橡胶管喷出大量液体的原因是_______________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/fe404482eb97433cb993278c2a7a01c1/B5BEBC5F23E4A396252A93F6CDED4F9C.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/154ac490b7ea46b0ae36da5c8db2b0aa/F75B3CFBE1495B49B2606934A015913F.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>如图<br>所示,室温下将<br>120g<br>NaOH<br>固体加入<br>100g<br>水中,搅拌后固体全部溶解,放置一段时间恢复至室温后,析出<br>11g<br>固体。(忽略实验过程中水的损失)<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/EBDD515913391EB04D0815DC3A762DD5.png"><br>1.丙中溶液为____________________(填“饱和”或“不饱和”)溶液。<br>2.乙中溶液的质量为____________________g。3.室温时NaOH的溶解度是____________________g。4.上述实验说明NaOH的溶解度曲线与上图2中的_________________(填<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/83F6FCC4B8CE35ABA3A429FC141095DE.png"><br>或<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/365D3932783463C51939ECFA70DAF828.png"><br>)相似。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/ba6a5b00745144318312dc8d386da748/A0207530D4F397D462216C7DE36DBAED.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/84a29946855342f1b61ceab8f69f53ff/5498B85727FA3834D2F197C6CEB4CB63.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>如图<br>是<br>A<br>、<br>B<br>、<br>C<br>三种物质的溶解度曲线图。请回答:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/6B110F8834946FBC7B2AC7BC904F0F7B.png"><br>1.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/427B1B5C2818448CE85E00E7373466A3.png"><br>时,A、B、C三种物质的饱和溶液中溶质质量分数最大的是______________。<br>2.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/F6E20041569242D29171C620FDA4DDBB.png"><br>时,将30gA物质放入50g水中,充分溶解后所得溶液的质量是______________g。3.A物质中混有少量的B物质,若提纯A物质,可采用的结晶方法是______________。4.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/9/427B1B5C2818448CE85E00E7373466A3.png"><br>时,取等质量的A、C饱和溶液分别置于甲、乙两支试管中,如图2所示,在大烧杯中加入一定质量的氢氧化钠固体溶解后,A、C溶液的溶质质量分数的大小关系是______________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/df6ef8bacc04413283bc9b10f0ff114c/7C0FDDC99A6BC6782F2008A838B18C28.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/8afdb9a3b70148258eeddecb018035bb/4F400C5D0020904FB00AC6DDC211AF9E.png"><br><br>
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