第八单元 金属和金属材料——2021-2022学年人教版化学九年级下册单元易错题速练
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>工业上用<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/8/B5A20BD0AB06DD4E55D6CBAFA46EF167.png"><br>来冶炼金属钛,该反应属于( )<br>A.化合反应 B.分解反应 C.置换反应 D.复分解反应<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/d3251a6b315d41fb81a93d4e64222ad3/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/ad3d29526c954de4bcc5364cb40feafc/157ACD45AA3ED8A38BB99F45FA196342.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列关于金属的说法正确的是( )<br>A.铜质插头利用了铜的导电性<br>B.硬铝的硬度比铝小<br>C.在金属表面喷涂油漆是防止其锈蚀的唯一方法<br>D.Ag能将硝酸铜溶液中的铜置换出来<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/02b1ec7a1da545118c569f8df4d2f1a6/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/cd76e4bdf0bd4db1bf1e9cc72e408bef/5BEA8BCAB276B69CC3D463A6AF8A43B5.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列关于金属材料的说法,不正确的是( )<br>A.生铁和钢性能不同的原因是含碳量不同<br>B.钛合金与人体具有很好的相容性,可用于制造人造骨<br>C.焊锡(锡铅合金)的熔点比锡、铅的熔点都低<br>D.用黄铜片(铜锌合金)和铜片相互刻划,黄铜片上留有划痕<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/546e7a6470e44b7abe77582b01c28a77/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/730b12c92999474fb8af823d026e24fd/A19D1ABC8A51FB3B6C93A5C2E50A8718.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列关于金属材料的说法,正确的是( )<br>A.金属材料包含合金材料和纯金属材料<br>B.合金都是由不同金属单质组成<br>C.硬铝比纯铝柔软容易制成各种器皿<br>D.合金的熔点比组成它的纯金属都高<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/fa11bf9f0a5344098b6019b1f4998c34/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0f3c465d0e43456b9a13d88186895490/D2CB55A74F58521F8DB468DEDFA75B8B.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列关于金属材料的使用说法正确的是( )<br>A.铝制品表面应常用钢丝球擦洗<br>B.可用铁桶盛放硫酸铜溶液配制农药波尔多液<br>C.焊锡的熔点低,常用来焊接金属<br>D.铝在地壳中含量少,所以铝的利用比铁晚<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/6088462e00154475948672fa2c66a00a/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/7b880f9b22e84022aa25e23791a836ca/1E9BD33FF8CFD7DF068B469D0CC395D3.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>取等质量的X、Y、Z三种金属分别与足量的溶质质量分数相等的稀硫酸反应,都生成+2价金属的硫酸盐,反应情况如图所示。下列对该图像理解的叙述中,正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/6/263E757F8813F5085355845D5AA3B363.png"><br>A.金属活动性由强到弱:X>Z>Y<br>B.消耗稀硫酸的质量:X=Y=Z<br>C.X、Y、Z依次可能是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/6/B105110583AA1AD77FFC95C060FE40CF.png"><br>D.相对原子质量的大小:Z<Y<X<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/934376668f45479ea7c418fc11ddb22c/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/844ba6dff9a44b558fecf6aa61ba7f6b/5A6BDD17B75FD64C9C9CE16E00BAD06F.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图所示的四个图像,分别对应四种过程,其中正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/6/E3FB784709B9E7B8241D12FEC478CD22.png"><br>A.甲:分向等质量<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/6/94E6FB4AEDB983BD7ADDC8C5FC34961E.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/6/82C99970BE69677DE64B1C67740773E9.png"><br>中加入足量等质量、等浓度的稀硫酸<br>B.乙:分别向等质量且足量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/6/AFDFB6DB5843FDC7ADB5052DD7B546A1.png"><br>中加入等质量、不同浓度的稀硫酸<br>C.丙:分别向等质量且足量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/6/94E6FB4AEDB983BD7ADDC8C5FC34961E.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/6/AFDFB6DB5843FDC7ADB5052DD7B546A1.png"><br>中加入等质量、等浓度的稀硫酸<br>D.丁:分别向等质量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/6/94E6FB4AEDB983BD7ADDC8C5FC34961E.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/6/AFDFB6DB5843FDC7ADB5052DD7B546A1.png"><br>中加入等质量、等浓度且足量的稀硫酸<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c5e2b71c71a7411c98b7522486d94cef/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/10696b9bbadc48b2bfc10d3bec68708b/50EA5427A485612E385C201316D973DC.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>将一定质量的Zn加入含有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/8/4B793092C748A2924F50BD1FB9A663CA.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/8/C09DD76B9792A4D62AC4145DC76E807C.png"><br>两种物质的混合溶液中,充分反应后过滤,滤液仍为浅绿色。下列叙述正确的是( )<br>①滤液中一定有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/8/A02373BE62E2DC84424466A62F9C8CB6.png"><br>②滤液中可能有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/8/EE8C3B67F63BD1BE371E268F74EDD53C.png"><br>③滤渣中一定有Ag,可能有FeA.①② B.①③ C.②③ D.①②③<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/059ce049d6ca400ba0488e499a1b5271/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/e97987e72db142828bc1f7052df1babd/7BCB697092919BE6E2A4A89C9E08D7A8.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>现有甲、乙、丙三种金属,如果把甲和乙分别放入稀硫酸中,甲溶解并产生氢气,乙不反应;如果把乙和丙分别放入硝酸银溶液中,过一会儿,在乙的表面有银析出,而丙没有变化,根据以上事实,则甲、乙、丙的金属活动性由强到弱的顺序是( )<br>A.甲>乙>丙 B.乙>甲>丙 C.乙>丙>甲 D.丙>乙>甲<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/8d2ccfeba00b4628a5461c5d5ca07fcb/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4f693c555f8441d89b7df902b6defcf0/889A4AADD5862581A662377440D71EE9.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>用实验比较铁、锌、银的金属活动性,最好的方法是选用下列试剂中的( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/3/BB4AFEE09BD839EB3822CA6DA7F42574.png"><br>溶液<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/3/C09DD76B9792A4D62AC4145DC76E807C.png"><br>溶液<br>C.稀硫酸<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/3/95927DCE0608F0DFD4683D1A0C94FCDF.png"><br>溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/aa128434590749c58a021c46b8d47c91/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/861d30acfaf7403a9525168954a9243d/023C445847641C5E8A0E2BDFBF6E0C25.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>镁粉和铝粉的混合物共7.2g,与足量的稀盐酸充分反应,得到氢气的质量可能为( )<br>A.0.5g B.0.6g C.0.7g D.0.8g<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d02bef6e36da42d59cf17090f0c37177/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/e3ce07853d9f4684adba156943347618/D38A675BDAEB43C7279B48B77D0DC626.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列有关金属的说法正确的是( )<br>A.自然界中多数金属以单质的形式存在<br>B.地壳中含量最多的金属元素是铁<br>C.常见的铁矿石有赤铁矿和磁铁矿<br>D.年提取量最大的金属是铝<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c288094b04854f64bf1e593d28a179b1/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/93115509692f41a0b20498785b3290d0/17A9302B96F2CFA12BEDFBBD6DE86A0E.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：容易<br>铝是一种重要的金属,现实生活或生产中可谓“美铝如云”。<br>1.铝原子的结构示意图为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/5/C5096196EA67EA0F4A0E7A677471A794.png"><br>,由此可知铝原子在化学反应中易形成____________________(填离子符号)。<br>2.将纯铝片和硬铝片相互刻画,纯铝片上留下明显划痕,说明____________________。铝可用来制作高空电缆,说明铝具有良好的____________________性和____________________性。根据表格中数据可知,用铝制作高空电缆而不用铜制作,是因为____________________。<br><tbody><br>物理性质<br>铜<br>铝<br>导电性<br>99<br>61<br>密度/<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/5/E1F72F76AB07D2EB8C5BB85C0FAD6C4B.png"><br> 8.92<br>2.70<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/d2c9b314280d4813bab82e9ea609fca1/74CDDAA3988F3B4941878D7B719DFE02.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/b0ac3f72a8a0475bbf94cc9fd3467089/B2D0B6924D72F0A23BE8D1221FC514FE.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>暖贴发热利用了铁粉生镑放出热量的原理,某小组同学设计并进行实验,探究铁生锈的条件及影响铁生锈速率的因素。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/4CA522483911A36ADD99C177CC36CFB1.png"><br>Ⅰ<br>.<br>探究铁生锈的条件<br>1.由实验B和C得出铁生锈需要与水接触,画出实验C的实验装置图。<br>2.证明铁生锈需要与氧气接触的实验现象是________________。Ⅱ.探究影响铁生锈速率的因素【查阅资料】暖贴的发热材料主要有铁粉、活性炭、食盐、水等物质。【猜想假设】①活性炭能加快铁粉生锈的速率。②食盐能加快铁粉生锈的速率。【进行实验】下表是2g铁粉、5g水与不同量的活性炭、食盐均匀混合后,在10mn内温度上升的实验记录。<br><tbody><br>实验编号<br>活性炭/g<br>食盐/g<br>温度上升/℃<br>1<br>0<br>0<br>0.1<br>2<br>0.2<br>0<br>22.0<br>3<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/A4C256EC618BF189591BEC8023C3E1BD.png"><br>0.1<br>3.1<br>4<br>0.2<br>0.1<br>56.3<br></tbody><br>【解释与结论】3.表中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/A4C256EC618BF189591BEC8023C3E1BD.png"><br>的值为________________。4.对比实验1和3,得出的结论是________________。5.欲得出结论“活性炭与食盐同时存在会大幅度加快铁生锈速率”,需要对比实验________________(填实验编号)。【反思与评价】6.下列说法正确的是________________。A.暖贴在使用前要密封保存B.暖贴使用后剩余物可以回收利用<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/9f25a8353e1a46f6ad74a2dbe2e948c2/3814B6D7C217EBA7DD88A2B69B721BDB.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/7bfd842f994541ee9e1ce0ae0a7c2d49/2FBF5DDD77C0260E772293E8E6FBAD3C.png"><br><br>
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