2021-2022学年人教版化学九年级化学用语通关小练（4）化学式与化合价
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>据报道,用于清洗龙虾的的“洗虾粉”中含有柠檬酸钠、亚硫酸钠(<img)等物质,可能对人体的健康产生危害。<img中S元素的化合价为( )<br>A.+6 B.+2 C.+4 D.-2<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/693a9e1fc8864cd0be7e2ac7ca04b446/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>“天宫二号”太空舱利用<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/18/19410B7D30B428B9391290F17A662EE0.png"><br>作催化剂将航天员呼出的二氧化碳转化为氧气。已知Fe元素的化合价为+3价,则Ni元素的化合价为( )。A.+1 B.+2 C.+3 D.+4<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/a520880e108d4ed3a28cea935ea7c693/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列加点元素的化合价最低的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/317E8071DCF1E9D797440B01924FA605.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/1003D152BF9E204243F5EF232F50C685.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/128F55B144935C78E07F02CFC2D09193.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/687fb51c0b5e48bea805ce1c0b6dab38/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>以化合价为纵坐标,以物质的类别为横坐标所绘制的图像叫价类图,如图是硫的价类图,下列判断错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/DC515225E689BFF5869B794BC6942FC5.png"><br>A.a物质类别为单质<br>B.a物质燃烧生成b,b为二氧化硫<br>C.d、e、f物质中一定都含有氢元素<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/E239530B3082F86DED9967D29BD71C95.png"><br>中硫元素的化合价为+6价<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/58e780643d7e4f0282b014687cb319e6/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/8685539e72e748e68af3c56eb9e2f785/3C4C197545D7EF935A0C94EAE26FDAC1.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列五种物质中均含有氯元素,它们按氯的化合价顺序排列,则根据这种排列规律,X可能是( )<br>①KCl②<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/25/03B44FCB595CCE1359A05094C44A7EB0.png"><br>③HClO④<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/25/3C3A0D813BB2751CE794E8F673A786CC.png"><br>⑤X⑥<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/25/B6C76C118B3191E71F4D23CD4A9C35D7.png"><br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/25/6B355D64C5FE2055FE279399FBA19E28.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/25/42574B0B17787C2E4DE67F1BE1D8C3CF.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/25/51496F3FA92765817746195FBFDF47BE.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/25/A74795185CD2178E34BDF4619E913ABA.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/da81ad54884243b2a2531ed9e40910fc/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/80571394c34f4b02b811f0bd9fd38f4b/2025441C060755880A233D06681DE1F0.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列各组化合物中,所含原子团化合价不同的组是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/29/23EF0A54446EF55E9C941CDD3C5B28C7.png"><br>、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/29/128F55B144935C78E07F02CFC2D09193.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/29/128F55B144935C78E07F02CFC2D09193.png"><br>、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/29/937FDA011D046B8F739CA0856671E520.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/29/C33BDE800D867632B103C25FB2DA0A2F.png"><br>、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/29/996D81C497C6D76B4B7CF28DBC8C23D9.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/29/132CE5A4221DCE8F26C90950FF673643.png"><br>、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/29/C3D29DBDC30143FACAC7EA76A8579483.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/663f0fc1dd024b0da50f210be90677bd/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4d782b150f2f4b08b06e8aa28fc171ae/37ED2D056419DCCFDB326A9C6A0460C4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列有关化合价的叙述,错误的是( )<br>A.金属元素通常显正价<br>B.化学变化中元素化合价可能发生变化<br>C.同种元素在同一种物质中可有多种化合价<br>D.在原子团中元素正负化合价的代数和为零<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/75a2aeeadc394d5c819ada0eea7ae671/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/6e69f21f503f466a93d5f6c44697391d/097D6DC3B31F7B6516FD3138C8713BFC.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>1869年门捷列夫编制了元素周期表。硫元素也排列其中,其化合价分别为-2、0、+4、+6,依次对应的化学式错误的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/18/B5EA054156D6497A4FE7D6DA3F9BFA8A.png"><br>B.S<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/18/AB50DA95A0B1CD0D07E552BEDF604CD5.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/18/95E5EE9FC9EBB63EEE4CC7523D6C311E.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/35451b51213f4eb295718919568de0f4/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/4c956aa8857146a0b5f3f56f224cf7de/548832AF2A44C61193E3EB9CD4BB946E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列是《本草纲目》记载的四种无机药物,其成分中Hg的化合价为0的是( )<br>A.水银(Hg) B.升丹(HgO)<br>C.朱砂(HgS) D.轻粉(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/26/363EE44054B40102763568418678D80F.png"><br>)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/8caf01c56e724d07a2a1392510169e4f/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/ff35550ca25b43a3ada06b913be05353/1082D38C0BB35098E4AF26C35978AF7C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>元素R在化合物中只有一种化合价,下列化学式中错误的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/25/95044FD046F2511DEFD87D3F85E01A2E.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/25/23040522DEC1C194ADCABFD3906EC8BF.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/25/2001FAF1F07FA0973EF76D8CF184807F.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/25/8CE10F6C8148FFA61DFEA365B99A79F1.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/1363c7d9070248eb937a5356297b625d/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/2cc792a334974fcaae82da2a7d3b1c24/0651E183B563E86D8E0E0E4FC433C231.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>我国科学家发现,亚硒酸钠能消除加速人体衰老的活性氧。亚硒酸钠中硒元素(Se)为+4价,氧元素为-2价,则亚硒酸钠的化学式为( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/9/46D7F22385915184105EC72EA3E2CD9C.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/9/33D5628CC819F2579051C8265E671B53.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/9/DAEDAB329383EE8541C3BA23DE49C52E.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/9/2FBD112545CECC51830C311C97FF4D7A.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/b08c735770904791b4bb146bffd3781f/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/83cb72346abb41c2af02096deb4f77ba/0C93051D0E8B0432E53FDB83D3ADBF22.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>写出下列原子团及其化合价:<br>氢氧根<br>_<br>___________<br>;<br>硝酸根<br>_<br>_____________<br>;<br>硫酸根<br>_<br>_________<br>;<br>碳酸根<br>_<br>__________<br>;<br>铵根<br>_<br>__________________<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/734dc0d40e7f45d78ce8cff738a166f9/0A2A210155C74AD6F8B48D7A0A5991B0.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>如图表示元素的化合价与物质类别关系。若它表示氮元素的部分关系图,则:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/29/BAE7050C9D95FC96FF562EF3386B6A23.png"><br>1.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/29/437DD940979F70A2BB8D9E59908444D2.png"><br>点对应的物质类别是;<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/29/BAD92D74A2392ECC4C1D22CABD903619.png"><br>点表示物质的化学式为。<br>2.某化合物的化学式为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/29/128F55B144935C78E07F02CFC2D09193.png"><br>,它代表的点是__________(填字母)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d3f745466f6e483d8caae7ab61d3eabe/E9F7C553EC43F67DD5BFF23D8C3771FD.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/775beded19424a70b2d0c84de81bdc91/80F6DA1C9579E682FA3E7AEC0143FE57.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>有关元<br>素化合价规律:<br>1.单质中元素的化合价为。<br>2.在化合物中,元素正负化合价的代数和为。<br>3.在化合物里,氢元素通常显价;氧元素通常显价;金属元素通常显价;非金属元素在跟金属元素或氢元素化合时通常显价。<br>4.许多元素具有可变化合价,如Fe有价。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4efb42d0961e4fc9bb0ad4a06bc134ce/6DCF953E52B71A672F0F41FBB9974DF5.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/9726ad691ecc4bbb9e649ad916be3c6e/0D2ECE8DC2268699B37B16F93D061BDC.png"><br><br>
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