周测（七）化学式与化合价——2021—2022学年人教版九年级化学上册
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>水的化学式为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/AA5DD1505F1D7A06A012CABC988FF45C.png"><br>,过氧化氢的化学式为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/7DB234BC8ABC7F751AB9BAA992EEF152.png"><br>。下列关于它们的组成叙述正确的是( )<br>A.都含有氢气<br>B.都含有一个氢分子<br>C.组成元素的种类相同<br>D.都由氢原子和氧原子构成<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d7c595af27c845f08b2ddf269de35ab0/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>交警检查司机是否酒后驾车,常根据所用检测仪中的重铬酸钾<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/9319C6237FD4A303F48E1CC794F7632D.png"><br>与乙醇反应前后颜色变化来判断。重铬酸钾中Cr元素的化合价为( )<br>A.+3 B.+4 C.+6 D.+7<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c90c8743a1bf47cca54cdf84de3f8f85/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b7af29d60959425a8911b4a5a3eadcd1/12A5B4D7F621AB5CE22D8C2298A21CF8.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列关于相对分子质量的说法正确的是( )<br>A.相对分子质量是一种相对质量<br>B.相对分子质量是一个分子中所有原子质量的总和<br>C.相对分子质量与物质的化学式无关<br>D.相对分子质量就是分子的质量<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f2a55412d89d4922a8003fedc906febb/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>意大利罗马大学的科学家获得了极具理论研究意义的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/6C5D6DE80E641BF23FC7B0B6C2783DFA.png"><br>分子,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/6C5D6DE80E641BF23FC7B0B6C2783DFA.png"><br>分子结构如图所示,下列有关<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/6C5D6DE80E641BF23FC7B0B6C2783DFA.png"><br>分子的说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/C54D7CEB4C9F7F41FB974C2CF8C11198.png"><br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/6C5D6DE80E641BF23FC7B0B6C2783DFA.png"><br>约占空气体积的78%<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/6C5D6DE80E641BF23FC7B0B6C2783DFA.png"><br>是一种单质<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/6C5D6DE80E641BF23FC7B0B6C2783DFA.png"><br>是一种新型的化合物<br>D.由于<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/6C5D6DE80E641BF23FC7B0B6C2783DFA.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/D350503FAEB172B50F09D85EB5C5B0A3.png"><br>的组成元素相同,所以它们具有相同的性质<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/1f86413b7f544e089a22182abed0b9d8/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/06f700d2fa08422981f93df271f96c55/14A980C48B0C0617B38A2B4D407EEBB7.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>鞍山玉佛驰名中外,它的主要成分是富镁硅酸盐[化学式为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/403E8C8FC927F4D705539521B849C09B.png"><br>]。下列有关说法正确的是( )<br>A.鞍山玉佛是一种纯净物<br>B.富镁硅酸盐中硅元素的化合价为+3价<br>C.富镁硅酸盐由28个原子构成<br>D.富镁硅酸盐中含有氢、镁、硅、氧元素<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c04c1e3e72794098bd52e1f6e6ba7a1b/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>过氧乙酸对细菌和病毒具有高效、快速杀灭作用,广泛应用于环境的消毒,如图为过氧乙酸的分子结构图(其中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/22/30F343D31790E4998DEC8C10EC190DB9.png"><br>代表碳原子,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/22/FDE123116F2BBB8B4AC8953776FA77EC.png"><br>代表氢原子,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/22/42CA529FA6E902FE38C7DF23424C859C.png"><br>代表氧原子),下列有关说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/22/2BE6034C0D63B2FEE892CB1A99ABBE82.png"><br>A.过氧乙酸的化学式是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/22/EC52EE6AA8E4274C0A2DB923CC12B377.png"><br>(或<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/22/63A25797A4DE769FD639868387080FED.png"><br>)<br>B.过氧乙酸是由碳、氢、氧三种元素构成的<br>C.过氧乙酸中碳、氢、氧三种元素的质量比是12:1:16<br>D.过氧乙酸中碳元素的质量分数是40%<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/faf1a03a660f4d4a892172c91151ddd2/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/628371e8c1c141cebb722b58ae8b210d/4E59C90966127FDB63A0ABCDB27DCDB8.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>不少中小学生喜食油炸薯条。但是,油炸薯条易产生一种叫丙烯酰胺的致癌物,其结构为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/D3E6442F8F442427925AC4021E26EFEF.png"><br>,长期摄入易引发多种疾病。据此,不能推断出丙烯酰胺的( )<br>A.组成元素 B.密度、状态<br>C.化学式 D.相对分子质量<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/11d8d819892a44aca663e6365b32ca43/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>银杏果中含有银杏酸(银杏酸化学式为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/11/5AB01E71E16BD28D13A721E957E28213.png"><br>),下列有关银杏酸说法正确的是( )<br>A.从宏观上看:银杏酸分子由碳、氢、氧三种元素组成<br>B.从微观上看:银杏酸由22个碳原子、34个氢原子和3个氧原子构成<br>C.从类别上看:银杏酸属于有机化合物<br>D.从质量上看:银杏酸中碳元素和氢元素的质量比为11:17<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/d83dec465c1c441d9199feefbe4ddd98/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/e6b9a28fe8d14aebadf0dce069ff9aa1/53C8ABFC18B59A99C8B7122BFF605A65.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>了解物质的组成和结构,有助于认识物质的性质。如图表示核电荷数为<br>11~17<br>的元素最高和最低化合价<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/7B81BCA6F65339DABA52BC42D3AE71AD.png"><br>1.从图中可以看出,氯元素的最高正价是。<br>2.若某元素既可显正价,又可显负价,则最高正价与最低负价绝对值的代数和为。<br>3.写出图中元素的化合价随着核电荷数递增的一条变化规律:。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d2701a9bf6534b34a6025af620c7bf30/10C8895DFD7A7073C2754C728B949B2C.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>学校每天都会对教室和公共区域进行消毒,使用的是<br>消毒液,下面是<br>消毒液的产品说明书<br><tbody><br>主要产品<br>消毒液<br>主要原料<br>次氯酸钠(<br>NaCl<br>O<br>),质量分数≥<br>5%<br>主要作用<br>餐具、厨房用品;白色衣物及物体表面;肝炎、病毒性感冒及肺炎患者的污染物<br>产品规格<br>500g<br></tbody><br>1.NaClO分子中钠、氯、氧三种元素的原子个数比是。<br>2.NaClO中氯元素的化合价为。<br>3.计算NaClO中氯元素的质量分数。(结果精确至0.1%,写出计算过程)。<br>4.该消毒液中至少含有次氯酸钠的质量是多少?(写出计算过程)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3f2241443ba3418780e508df0bcb6e00/2F2A64D2F86E3DCD0A4F82B859073903.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f2781719fb18460a80b4ee1f8e1d3dad/F44E4654F1A8227ED99BE7EE6CAAC714.png"><br><br>
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