（2）构成物质的微观粒子——2021-2022学年九年级上册化学人教版难点精练小专题
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列物质由分子构成的是( )<br>A.金刚石 B.铁 C.氯化钠 D.氧气<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/0634cc0caca04fc58bd52fe95b5276c9/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/38a3787f65ac494792849f203aafdfb4/8FF30A8456EB34BF8529112CEA88F021.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列说法正确的是( )<br>A.分子是化学变化中的最小粒子<br>B.原子核是由质子和电子构成的<br>C.NaCl由NaCl分子构成<br>D.水蒸发过程中,水分子的间隔变大<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/84b67d60ab234932a60dd07999861216/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/bc6f69e4ee8344b78e601a11d5b87aa9/C931977B5BA3474E977CB95A47D42446.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列图中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/21/243EB59EAEDD1225F09A789706FF00BC.png"><br>和○分别表示氢原子和氧原子,其中能表示保持<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/21/AA5DD1505F1D7A06A012CABC988FF45C.png"><br>化学性质的微粒是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/21/647E45FB34E212F45E0CE3D0C5D8128F.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/21/7566C9196A3F3A5CBB1FC481DFD54A9E.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/21/65812986936C8EEA056FF8000A49A463.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/21/1D32A2D1BF1CA8CE53E6BADCF24B749F.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/be9ad9dc5abe4710ae3390975d2346e3/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/d8a53366b89c462faee6e1072e2e3b00/6E6C5EB4D8973FEFC467F102CDC8DAFD.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列化学用语书写正确的是( )<br>A.2个氮原子——<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/21/D350503FAEB172B50F09D85EB5C5B0A3.png"><br>B.钙离子——<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/21/471E1BBEF4616CC26DDFE443E5F0B8C9.png"><br>C.氯化铁——<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/21/95927DCE0608F0DFD4683D1A0C94FCDF.png"><br>D.氦气——He<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/cc0ec1c526e84a41b27116e6f921062e/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/5c1325c305e7467d9f0e6ce864be9db9/56CF8828DE5F919F8AD2E382901224F7.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列原子结构示意图中,表示相对稳定结构的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/21/05BCCCE0D1B709CEA2669F5127A127C7.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/21/E691A56ED1634560BA47F9ED5D2B91F9.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/21/06620111A6AFD25DE35E1A5CBD705199.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/21/4391CC0E7DD7A8F18E61DC1967EBF287.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/a38578fe02964363917d835707290cab/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/34350cca00d741dd95726328b5307833/838C09BB21DC3DEAEA8D7CD5AB269BC5.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列事实的微观解释不正确的是( )<br>A.干冰升华——分子间间隔变大<br>B.水烧开后把壶盖顶开——分子数目变多<br>C.水在通电的条件下发生分解反应——分子种类变化<br>D.湿衣服晾在太阳底下干得快——分子运动速率变快<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/9482c8c2b19942978670fe90311e9d2a/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/a4ee76bbd0bb4592b1d9db4181492ef7/9781A4F229E5D64BA8E5477EA86D6E6F.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列化学符号中数字“2”表示的意义,正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/18/AB50DA95A0B1CD0D07E552BEDF604CD5.png"><br>:表示二氧化硫中含有2个氧原子<br>B.2Fe:表示2个铁原子<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/18/7538108774D9E98D2CBD857B88AD699B.png"><br>:表示一个镁离子带2个单位正电荷<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/18/A66929D9729E93B9F969233426C5BD1B.png"><br>:表示硫元素的化合价为-2<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/76108faa44b84b29afbb847ec2b91e3e/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/24e5ed00d31849088e9c9eab0d171fd8/8CFCD95EDE0490F0522A735D97CC3E8C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图是微信热传的“苯宝宝表情包”,苯(化学式<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/18/664BB5F715EEB1DE1945BC04F2E16EB4.png"><br>)、六氯苯(化学式<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/18/B382F0B5B29949F45BDFBD32593D8482.png"><br>)都是重要的化工原料,下列有关说法正确的是( )<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/18/3946FBC0A1A3C7BBA31984F47EAA7B06.png"><br>A.苯分子由碳、氢两种元素组成<br>B.苯中氢元素的质量分数小于10%<br>C.六氯苯中碳、氯两种元素的质量比为1:1<br>D.六氯苯由6个碳原子和6个氯原子构成<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/fc5b8d88da5f423bb541ae2f669a1d71/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/1154f7a9a6bb4e3d8a95878a3c79648f/362B95803A1B0EA0111973053C5C0ACD.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列物质的化学式书写正确的是( )<br>A.银Hg<br>B.氖气<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/18/AAC7A7D9615554A8F7DB2D5A98759A21.png"><br>C.氧化铝<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/18/B7D216939A9EA4817D642094F90363C1.png"><br>D.氧化铁<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/18/44F64D7E65F3BED942A6236E4D8161BF.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/62ecf9aa35a0446da3b7f23d74b2c361/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/d8e94757f50742cd844c6cb8367f8c5e/55C4A9A13A3AC99FFCE67F1BF541B63C.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>在点燃条件下,<br>A<br>和<br>B<br>反应生成<br>C<br>和<br>D<br>。反应前后分子种类变化的微观示意图如图所示。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/1/BC1B991DE3438CEB860AD8546657910C.png"><br>请回答以下问题:<br>1.1个B分子中含有___________________个原子。<br>2.A中氮原子和氢原子的质量比为___________________。3.4种物质中,属于化合物的是___________________(填图中字母)。4.该反应的基本反应类型为___________________。5.在该反应中,生成C和D的质量比为___________________(计算结果用最简数比表示)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/864b3a3c93a4434e805ef5e5b5a8b584/3680CA15797A016E5994F5EE4B325A53.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/f36c1943d47a45cd91af34260a302859/E191F2199AD42C04436E683552B16FA1.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：较易<br>工业上常用“分离液态空气法”制氧气,此方法以空气为原料,利用液氮与液氧的沸点不同,将其分离。其微观示意图如下:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/22/01B5EB62702CE2E3F2AAA92D9DC238E4.png"><br>1.“分离液态空气法”发生的是(填“物理变化”或“化学变化”)。2.下列说法正确的是(填字母,下同)。A.洁净空气是纯净物 B.此方法制氧气的原料来源广泛C.沸点属于物理性质D.利用此方法既可得到氧气又可得到氮气3.下列能表示液态空气微观示意图的是。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/22/04A0F7B68D1BEEEBF55166C9044033BE.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/fbbdaa23cc75469db5fee2425dc978be/6EFB4A3020848386D6A78C847587FAC2.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/1413ddcedfa04415a67b1b281c6c75fe/4A8B3A30D53FE10313DCE0FC08E51AC5.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：较易<br>同学们为研究分子运动,做了如下三个实验。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/24/A23A3715FBFC1D8673B09B86C16B14E3.png"><br>1.实验1:从微观角度解释品红在热水中扩散速率快,其原因是_____________。2.实验2:实验现象是_____________,实验结论是_____________。3.实验3:放置一段时间后,电子秤示数变化是_____________(填“变小”“不变”或“变大”),从微观角度解释,其原因是_____________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/d1fd8e7852974c0385be81ef9e58fb8d/AB941325759595B827B5606F7E96DCE4.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/a4c31f020a1040cc8509ddbc93b4576a/FC27A093BAAD9EB30E680A255924C8B9.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>建立“宏观一微观”之间的联系,是化学学习的重要方法。根据图示回答下列问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/1/8ECD824AFEFA730FEA4C0EE89214CB3C.png"><br>1.硒元素被科学家称为“抗癌之王”,科学界研究发现血硒水平的高低与癌的发生息息相关。如图甲是硒元素的相关信息:硒元素属于___________________(填“金属”或“非金属”)元素,相对原子质量是___________________。<br>2.如图乙,Na、Mg、Al三种元素位于元素周期表中第___________________周期,对于Na、Mg、Al三种元素来说,原子最外层电子数越多,原子半径反而越小,原子核对核外电子的引力越大,Na、Mg、A三种原子失电子能力由强到弱的顺序是___________________。3.二氧化碳和氢气在一定条件下转化为化工原料乙烯<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/1/79763197AAB3D32A26B146BF69EF7A91.png"><br>,是我国科学研究的又一重大突破,其反应微观过程如图丙所示,用化学方程式表示为___________________。由图丙得到启示,请用微观的观点解释化学变化的实质:___________________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/53b9afb832e940baa98b97764a9e2684/27CF34D46DAB4BA5460FECE8A84165BB.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/65b59b619bfe4fdd8202da6b00d3cbcb/4A1FF473EE157B5E7FFE1DB16A3BA566.png"><br><br>
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